In the context of the reinforcement theory, eliminating any reinforcement that's maintaining an undesirable behavior is called ________.
A. penalizing
B. extinction
C. punishment
D. extraction
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The equity theory proposes that ________.
A. offering employees part of the company's shares, or equity, motivates them to do their best because their performance directly ties in with the company's
B. employees expect that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to a certain level of performance and will be demotivated if that does not happen
C. an employee compares his or her job's input–outcomes ratio with that of relevant others and then corrects any inequity
D. employees are more likely to show initiative at work if they are more involved in decisions that affect their work
________ justice is the perceived fairness of the amount and allocation of rewards among individuals.
A. Distributive
B. Restorative
C. Retributive
D. Procedural
In the expectancy theory, ________ is the probability perceived by the individual that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to a certain level of performance.
A. expectancy
B. valence
C. instrumentality
D. saliency
In the context of the reinforcement theory, reinforcers are ________.
A. those consequences that immediately follow a behavior and increase the probability that the behavior will be repeated
B. punishments or rewards that are given out for negative or positive employee behavior, respectively
C. the specific, unambiguous goals that have been set for employees as a standard for measuring their performance
D. the supervisors or managers who have the responsibility of monitoring and reinforcing desired employee behavior
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