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听力原文： In recent years, many Americans of both sexes and various ages hove become interested in improving their bodies. They hove become devoted to physical fitness..
Many people hove a strong desire to be more physically fit. By nature, Americans are enthusiastic and energetic about hobbies Or pastimes.
Many of them apply this enthusiasm, optimism, and energy to running. As a result, there are running clubs to join and numerous books and magazines to read about running.
The desire to be physically fit is explained by a "passion" for good health. The high rate of heart attacks in the 1960s caused an increase of interest in improving the human body.
Middleaged men especially suffer from heart attacks. Thus, there is a group which strongly interested in more physical exercises. In fact, many doctors encourage their patients to become more physically active, especially those who hove inactive jobs. It is interesting to note that the rate of heart attacks began to decrease between 1972 and 1974 and it is still decreasing. Physical fitness has now become a new "love" of Americans. Will it last long？. Only time will tell or until another "new passion" comes along.
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听力原文：W: Hello, is that Steve？ I'm stuck in a traffic jam. I'm afraid I can't make it before seven o'clock.
M: Never mind. I'll be here waiting for you.
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听力原文： In America today, books with suggestions on how to do things are very popular. There are about four to five thousand books with titles that begin with the words "How To". One book may tell you how to earn more money, another may tell you how to save or spend it, and another may explain how to give your money away.
Some "How To" books tell you how to find a job and how to succeed at it. If you fail, however, you can get a book called How to Turn Failure into Success. If you would like to become very rich, you can buy the book How to Make a Million. If you never make any money at all, you may need a book called How to Live on Nothing.
One of the most popular types of books is one that helps people with their private problems. If you are unhappy with your life, you can read How o Love Every Minute of Your Life. If you are tired of books on happiness, you may prefer a book called How to Get Yourself in Trouble. There is even a book about how to take your own life.
Why are "How To" books in great demand in the United States？
2 The question is. what is science fiction？ And the answer must be, unfortunately, that there have been few attempts to consider this question at any length or with much seriousness; it may well be that science fiction will resist any comprehensive definition of its characteristics. To say this, however, does not mean that there are no ways of defining it nor that various facets of its totality cannot be clarified. To begin, the following definition should be helpful: science fiction is a literary sub-genre which postulates a change (for human beings) from conditions as we know them and follows the implications of these changes to conclusion. Although this definition will necessarily be modified and expanded, and probably changed, in the course of this exploration, it covers much of the basic groundwork and provides a point of departure.
3 This first point—that science fiction is a literary sub-genre—is a very important one, but one which is often overlooked or ignored in most discussions of science fiction. Specifically, science fiction is either a short story or a novel. There are only a few dramas which could be called science fiction, with Karel Capek's RUR (Rossum's Universal Robots) being the only one that is well known; the body of poetry that might be labeled science fiction is only slightly larger. To say that science fiction is a sub-genre of prose fiction is to say that it has all the basic characteristics and serves the same basic functions in much the same way as prose fiction in general—that is, it shares a great deal with all other novels and short stories.
4 Everything that can be said about prose fiction, in general, applies to science fiction. Every piece of science fiction, whether short story or novel, must have a narrator, a story, a plot, a setting, characters, language, and theme. And like any prose, the themes of science fiction are concerned with interpreting man's nature and experience in relation to the world around him. Themes in science fiction are constructed and presented in exactly the same ways that themes are dealt with in any other kind of fiction. They are the result of a particular combination of narrator, story, plot, character, setting, and language. In short, the reasons for reading and enjoying science fiction, and the ways of studying and analyzing it, are basically the same as they would be for any other story or novel.
Science fiction is called a literary sub-genre because ______.
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