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库存控制管理的定量订货法中，其决策变量()。
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SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.
听力原文： A United Nations conference has adopted measures to speed up global action to protect people and the environment from hazardous wastes. The measures were adopted at a conference in Geneva called to strengthen the Basel Convention, a U.N. treaty that laid down environmental standards for the disposal and management of hazardous wastes.
The United Nations estimates the world produces around 150 million tons of hazardous waste each year. The major achievement of the conference, which concluded Friday, was the adoption of a strategic plan to deal with all this waste.
Around how many tons of hazardous waste does the world produce each year？
SECTION B INTERVIEW
Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.
Now listen to the interview.
听力原文：Terry: Well what have we got this morning？ The first thing I think is to complete the voice-over for that cutlery commercial.
Joyce: No... I'm afraid you are mistaken. Instead of completing that.., erm... We’ve got to come up with a selling idea for those kitchens. Remember？ The boss will be wanting to see us after lunch. and he'll be expecting it all to be more or less fled up... parcel-like.
Terry: Wouldn't it be better to finish one job before beginning another？ The boss will understand surely.
Joyce: Forgive me Terry if I keep correcting you.., but remember there are deadlines. And when there's a deadline the boss is as immovable as a barnacle.
Terry: So we' II have to come up with the parcel. Any ideas？
Joyce: Absolutely none. And my usually grasshopper brain is not at its come-up-with-the-ideas best this morning. Let's have a look at the details.
Terry: Well... whatever its like we' ye got to make it a dream. Gleaming perfection. slick.., everything fitted-fitted is a key word isn't it-Everything to avoid the impression of the inevitable mess that kitchens actually get in.
Joyce: How clear it is, Mr. Hancock, that you are new to the adman's business. I'm afraid you are on the wrong track. There you are making decisions already... Gatsbying about the office.., thinking already that the key works to this ad are going to be... what.. “timeless, sophisticated beauty” .. “the haute couture of haute cuisine” ... and you’ve forgotten the adman's first rule.
Terry: Which is？
Joyce: Hard deskwork, getting to know the facts. You’ve got to knead the dough before you can ice the cake. Mm. 2Now draw up a pew, will you？ And we' ll look at the ingredients.
Terry: What makes this kitchen different from any other？
Joyce: Now that's a leading question. Mm...Here are some photos. What do you notice？
Terry: They're all different.., the photos I mean. In fact it's different from all the other kitchens on the market-that they're all fixed aren't they？ And this is all.., well. non-fixed,
Joyce: All the various units can be moved about. Now that's sensible. Because there are times...
Terry: ... there are times aren't there when for example you need the chopping-board near the sink...and other times when you need it near the cooker.., and...
Joyce: So you do know something about kitchens.
Terry: Not kitchens exactly. But. cooking.., yes... I do some cooking occasionally.
Joyce: Good for you. The nearest I get to it is jig-sawing tins open and tossing the odd frozen meal into the oven. Perhaps that's what most women now want a kitchen for. simple, function, made to accommodate the haute cuisine of the deep-freezer.
Terry: No... I'm sure you are wrong. Most practical women of the house want a kitchen to be... er... flexible.., er.,. like kitchen used to be.
Joyce: Well, there's one flexible thing at least about this kitchen. What shall we call it？ Mobility of units？ Anyway the idea's there. So there is one thing different about this kitchen.
Terry: Sorry to...er...to correct you Joyce-but there's something else you haven't noticed.
Joyce: Oh, yes？
Terry: You say there's one difference, but in fact there are two. You see most manufacturers of kitchen units produce all the units of the same height.
Joyce: Lot's of working surfaces...yes...but...
Terry: But only one height. It makes production cheaper.
Joyce: Well, surely that's fine. I mean.., there is an ideal working height.
Terry: I beg to differ. You're quite wrong you know. Now what are some of the things you need to do in the kitchen？
Joyce: Unwrap sliced bread, defreeze th
Dale Jorgenson points out that the 78 grow rate will be continued in the next years.
There is no other man in history who formulated the ideas of democracy with such fullness, persuasiveness, and logic. Those interested in democracy as a poetical philosophy and system -- even those who do not accept his postulates or are critical of his solutions -- must reckon with his thought.
What, then, is his thought, and how much of it is still relevant under modem conditions？
Of all the ideas and beliefs that make up the political philosophy known as Jefferson democracy, perhaps three are paramount, These are the idea of equality, the idea of freedom, and the idea of the people’s control over government. Underlying the whole, and serving as a major premise, is confidence in man.
To Jefferson, it was virtually axiomatic that the human being was essentially good, that he was capable of constant improvement through education and reason. He believed that "no definite limit could be assigned" to man’s continued progress from ignorance and superstition to enlightenment and happiness. Unless this kept in mind, Jefferson cannot be understood properly.
What did he mean by the concept of equality, which he stated as a "self-evident" truth？ Obviously, he was not foolish enough to believe that all men are equal in size or intelligence or talents or moral development. He never said that men are equal, but only that they come into the world with "equal rights". He believed that equality was a political rather than a biological or psychological or economic conception. It was a gift that man acquired automatically by coming into the world as a member of the human community.
Intertwined with equality was the concept of freedom, also viewed by Jefferson as a "natural right." In the Declaration of Independence he stated it as "self-evident" that liberty was one of the "inherent" and "unalienable rights" with which the Creator endowed man. "Freedom", he summed up at one time. "is the gift of Nature."
What did Jefferson mean by freedom and why was it necessary for him to claim it as an "inherent" or "natural" right？ In Jefferson thought there are two main elements in the idea of freedom. There is, first, man's liberty to organize his own political institutions and to select periodically the individuals to run them. The other freedom is personal. Foremost in the area of individual liberty, Jefferson believed, was the untrammeled right to say, think, write, and believe whatever the citizen wishes -- provided, of course, he does not directly injure his neighbors.
It is because political and personal freedom are potentially in conflict that Jefferson, in order to make both secure, felt the need to found them on "natural right". If each liberty derives from an "inherent" right, then neither could justly undermine the other. Experience of the past, when governments, were neither too strong for the ruled or too weak to rule them, convinced Jefferson of the desirability of establishing a delicate natural balance between political power and personal rights.
This brings us to the third basic element in the Jeffersonian idea: the people’s control over government. It is paradoxical that Jefferson, who spent most of his adult years in politics, had an ingrained distrust of government as such. For the then-existing governments of Europe, virtually all of them hereditary monarchies, he had antipathy mixed with contempt. His mistrust of strong and unchecked government was inveterate. "I am not," he said, "a friend to a very ene
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