Ethicsinnanotechnologyofteninvolves:
A. thedefinitionofnanotechnology
B. concerningthescientificconsequencesofnanotechnology
C. concerningitsbearingoncultural,social,economic,environmentalandpoliticalmatters
D. safetyconcerns
Nanomaterialsare at nanoscale, characterizedwith:
A. arelativelylargersurfacearea
B. quantum effect, quantum size effect, quantum tunneling effect, small size effect
C. flexibledimensions
D. easytodegrade
Based on the synthesis process and path, there are 4mainapproaches used innanotechnology. They are:
A. bottom-upapproach
B. top-downapproach
C. functionalapproach
D. biomimeticapproach
Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutbottom-upapproachesinnanotechnologyarecorrect?
A. DNAnanotechnologyutilizesthespecificityofWatson–Crickbasepairingtoconstructwell-definedstructuresoutofDNA&othernucleicacids(e.g.DNAorigami).
B. Approaches from the field of "classical" chemical synthesis (inorganic & organic synthesis) also aim at designing molecules with well-defined shape (e.g. bis-peptides).
C. More generally, molecular self-assembly seeks to use concepts of supramolecular chemistry, & molecular recognition in particular, to cause single-molecule components to automatically arrange themselves into some useful conformation.
D. Atomic force microscope tips can be used as a nanoscale "write head" to deposit a chemical upon a surface in a desired pattern in a process called 'dip pen nanolithography'. This technique fits into the larger subfield of nanolithography. Molecular beam epitaxy allows for bottom up assemblies of materials, most notably semiconductor materials commonly used in chip & computing applications, stacks, gating, & nanowire lasers.
Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttop-downapproachesinnanotechnologyarecorrect?
A. Many technologies that descended from conventional solid-state silicon methods for fabricating microprocessors are now capable of creating features smaller than 100 nm, falling under the definition of nanotechnology.
B. Giant magnetoresistance-based hard drives already on the market fit this description, as do atomic layer deposition (ALD) techniques. Peter Grünberg & Albert Fert received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2007 for their discovery of giant magnetoresistance & contributions to the field of spintronics.
C. Solid-state techniques can also be used to create devices known as nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), which are related to microelectromechanical systems or MEMS.
D. Focused ion beams can directly remove material, or even deposit material when suitable precursor gasses are applied at the same time.e.g., this technique is used routinely to create sub-100 nm sections of material for analysis in transmission electron microscopy. Atomic force microscope tips can be used as a nanoscale "write head" to deposit a resistance, which is then followed by an etching process to remove material in a top-down method.
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