题目内容
Human's Hands
Archaeological records--paintings, drawings, and carvings of humans engaged in activities involving the use of hands--indicate that humans have been predominantly right - handed for more than 5,000 years. In ancient Egyptian artwork, for example, the fight-hand is depicted as the dominant one in about 90 per cent of the examples. Fracture or wear patterns on tools also indicate that a majority of ancient people were fight - handed.
Cro-Magnon cave paintings some 27,000 years old commonly show outlines of human hands made by placing one hand against the cave wall and applying paint with the other. Children today make similar out lines of their hands with crayons on paper. With few exceptions, left hands of Cro-Manganese are displayed on cave walls, indicating thai the paintings were usually done by right-handers.
Anthropological evidence pushes the record of handedness nearly human ancestors back to at least 1.4 million years ago. One important line of evidence comes from flaking patterns of stone cores used in tool making: implements flaked with a clockwise motion (indicating a right- handed toolmaker) can be distinguished frp, those flakea wan a counter- clockwise rotation (indicating a left -handed toolmaker).
Even scratches found on fossil human teeth offer clues. Ancient humans are thought to have cut meat into strips by holding it between their teeth and slicing it with stone knives, as do the present -day Inuit. Occasionally the knives slip and leave scratches on the users' teeth. Scratches made with a left - to - right stroke direction (by right-handers) are more common than scratches in the opposite direction (made by left-handers).
Still other evidence comes from cranial morphology: scientists think that physical differences between the right and left sides of the interior of the skull indicate subtle physical differences between the two sides of the brain. The variation between the hemispheres corresponds to which side of the body is used to perform. specific activities. Such studies, as well as studies of tool use, indicate that right - or left – sided dominance is not exclusive to modem Homo sapiens. Populations of Neanderthals, such as Homo erects and Ho mo habilis, seem to have been predominantly right -handed, as we are.
What is the main idea of the passage？
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听力原文： Many changes are taking place in food style. in the U. S. America is traditionally famous for its very solid and unchanging diet of meat and potatoes. Now we have many different alternatives to choose from, various ethnic food, health food and fast food in addition to the traditional home-cooked meal.
Ethnic restaurants and supermarkets are commonplace in the U. S. because the U.S. is a country of immigrants. There is an immense variety. Any large American city is filled with restaurants serving international cooking. Many cities even have ethnic sections: Chinatown, Little Italy or Germantown. With this vast ethnic choice, we can enjoy food from all over the world. This is a pleasant thought for those who come here to travel or to work. They can usually find their native specialties.
Health food gained popularity when people began to think more seriously about their physical well-being. The very term health food is ironic because it implies that there is also unhealth food. Health food is fresh, natural and unprocessed food. It does not contain preservatives to make it last longer or chemical to make it taste or look better. Most health food enthusiasts are vegetarians. They eat no meat. They prefer to get their essential protein from other sources, such as beans, cheese and eggs. Fast food restaurants are now expanding rapidly all over the country. In the U.S. speed is very important. People usually have a short lunch break or they just do not want to waste their time eating. Fast food restaurants are places which take care of hundreds of people in a short time. There is usually very little waiting and the food is always cheap. Some examples are hamburger and pizza places.
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It is, partly at least, owing to the effectiveness of cigarette giants' advertising that smoking foreign brand-name cigarettes has almost become a fashion in Asia.
SECTION B INTERVIEW
Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.
Now listen to the interview.
听力原文：Car Salesman: Oh. Hi there. A beauty, isn't she？
Lady: Well . . .
Car Salesman: Do you want to take her a test ride？
Lady: Well . . . Urn. How old is it？
Car Salesman: Well, it's only three years old.
Lady: And what's the mileage？
Car Salesman: Uh, let me check. Oh yes. 75,000 miles.
Lady: 75,000 miles7 That's quite a bit for a car that's only three years old.
Car Salesman: Well, once you're in the driver's seat, you'll fall in love with her. Get in.
Lady: Ugh... Uh, I can't seem to get the door open. Ah, it's okay. ] It could be broken Car Salesman: Ah, just give her a little tap. Ugh. Now she's opened. Lady: Great~ A door I have to beat up to open. Car Salesman: Hey. Get in and start her up. [Lady tries to start the car... ]
Car Salesman: [Um ] Well, it's probably the battery. I know she has enough gas in her, and I had our mechanic check her out just yesterday. Try it again.
Lady: Uh. It sounds a little rough to me. [Well . . .] How much is this minivan anyway？ Car Salesman: Oh. It's a real bargain today and tomorrow only at $15,775, plus you get the extended warranty covering defects, wear, and tear beyond the normal maintenance on the vehicle for an extra $ 500 for the next 30,000 miles. [Oh . . .] with a few minor exclusions.
Lady: Like……？
Car Salesman: Well, I mean, it covers everything except for the battery, and light bulbs, and brake drums, exhaust sys- tem, trim and moldings, upholstery and carpet, paint, tires . . . Well, a short list, you know.
Lady: Uh. Well, almost $ 16,000 is a little out of my price range, plus the seats covers are torn a little. Car Salesman: Well, hey, I might be able to talk the manager into Lowering the price another two hundred dollars, but that's about all.
Lady: No thanks. I think I' 11 just keep looking.
How old is the minivan the Lady is looking at？
That' s because one of its members is 32 - year - old Erik Weihenmeyer, who hopes to become the first blind man to clear the famed 29,035 -foot peak.
Weihenmeyer has been blind since age 13, having lost his sight to a rare disease called retinoschisis. But despite his lack of sight, the Denver, Colo. , man has still managed to turn himself into a world - class adventurer -- a certified sky and scuba diver who also competes in long - distance bi king and marathon running, as well as skiing and mountain eering. In 1995, he scaled North America' s highest peak, Mt. McKinley; in 1997, he topped Mt. Kilimanjaro, and in January 1999, he summited Argentina' s Aeoneagua, the tallest mountain in South America. Weihenmeyer has climbed mountains using a system he devised himself. He works with two long adjustable trekking poles -- leaning on one and scanning in front of him with another. He' ll also use his sense of hearing, listening to footsteps around him and a hell tied to the climber ahead of him. But Weinhenmeyer says he' ll also be a real part of the team. He says he's strong, and can contribute by carrying loads, setting up tents and building up snow walls. Weihenmeyer says he wants to climb the highest peak on all seven continents -- but he says he' s no daredevil. Still, Weibenmeyer admits to sealy moments. One of the worst was on an open ridge on Mt. McKinley, where a miscalculation of a few inches could have meant death. The lessons are only part of the reason Weinhenmeyer wanted to climb Everest. He says he' s wanted to take on the mountain for a long time. The folklore surrounding the mountain, all the famous tales --" You read a bout it from such an early age. It' s cool to be part of it," he said.. There' s the bonus of feeling of the sun on your face, and sensing the height of where you are, from the sound and the space around you. That blindness is also a reason he' s climbing. He' s being supported by the National Federation for the Blind, an activist organization seeking to change the way people think about blindness. But Weihenmeyer also recognizes that a good part of his climb is for himself.
Weibenmeyer' s team will attempt to summit Everest via the southeast ridge route pioneered by Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay 47 years ago. The team attempted to summit the 22,486 foot Mount Ama Dablam, in the Everest region in Nepal last year, but had to withdraw because of bad weather. In May 1998, a disabled American climber, Tom Whittaeker, who has an artificial leg, climbed Everest.
Why did the team of 10 Americans had a goal of making history？
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