题目内容
The earliest films were short, lasting only one minute or less. People could, for one cent, see simple action films of trains, fire engines, parades, crowds on city streets and similar subjects. Soon 20-minute pictures of news items were being shown in theaters at the end of the regular stage show. Later, films used a new method (putting the beginning of one scene upon the end of the scene before)for magical effects and to tie a story together. In 1903, a film was made about a train robbery, much of the action took place at the same time —— the robbers escaping, the men meeting and planning to capture them -- and the scenes moved smoothly, back and forth, from one scene to another instead of unnaturally showing each scene separately. This was the earliest successful film in which scenes were filmed at different places and times and then combined to make a logical story. A short time later, theaters showed for five cents a whole hour's entertainment of short films -- comedy, travel, and dramas. These films were simple and rough, and many were vulgar. Gradually the tastes of the audiences improved as the techniques improved.
Before 1910 actors were employed in films without their names being given because the producers were afraid that if an actor became well known, he might demand more money. But later, it became known that a film with a popular actor in it could be sold at a higher price to theater owners than a film in which the actor was not known. Soon "movie stars" won fame wherever films were shown. By 1915, the most popular stars were earning as much as $ 2, 000 a week, and large theaters were being built downtown in all the larger cities to show films alone. The films shown in those theaters were of several types: comedies emphasizing speed, movement and camera tricks; serious dramas, often with a patriotic theme; "westerns", which showed, then as now, the American cowboy fighting on the side of law and justice; murder mysteries and crime stories, and special films on art, music and other cultural subjects.
Pictures of parades shown in the first films went on for no more than ____.
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Part A
Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Live theatre lives. In England in every town, someone is rehearsing, someone devising, some-one performing. Winchester is a good example. Ancient capital of England, population approximately 60, 000 when you take in the suburbs. Live theatre comes to Winchester and made in Winchester, week in week out.
It has a 400-seat theatre in the city centre and an arts centre in the outskirts seating 150. These offer a programme of visiting compaies on a tour of one-night or three-to-four night stands, moving from one gathering place to another around the country, using moveable sets in flexible space. New productions of classic works, ancient and modern but always live: each performance different because it's a different audience in a different town. The tour usually lasts the company two or three months before it's time to settle down to devise and rehearse the next one.
For the performer, touring is a chance to work with the same people in the security of a company unit. But it' s also a chance to try something different night: to find out what works by actually doing it. And it doesn't always work. So what if it flops？ You are on the road and perform. it again in another place tomorrow. The audience will have forgotten by the time you come around again next year.
Each company's different, each has its own style, and audiences get to know them. But Winchester also has its own fringe (边缘) theatre 200 yards or so from the cathedral. This is where live theatre is conceived. The North Pole, it seats 50 to 60 people. Here it' s new work, amateur and semi-professional work, sometimes slick (熟练的), sometimes rough and ready. At least a dozen world premieres (首次公演)a year: many of them short-lived, quickly forgotten, some of them best forgotten, but all of them performed in excitement and expectation, neither audience nor performer quite knowing what' s going to happen. But one or two shows stick in the mind, some return reworked a year or so later the better for being polished on the live stage, some will work their way out of Winchester onto the touring circuit. Someone somewhere is always thinking of starting a company.
Which of the following is not true of Winchester？
Coming soon to your TV: views of the hottest live basketabll plays from any seat in the stadium. What a better look at that three-point shot？ Call for a replay from behind the basket. Or better yet, follow the "view" of the ball as it goes through the net.
While watching, you might use a built-in speakerphone to talk with a fan in the stands. Sounds impossible？ It won' be when the television industries combine to create digital TV—machines that receive, send, store and manipulate TV programs the way computers now manipulate other data.
Industry and government representatives recently reached an agreement on how this technology will take place. New digital TVs that allow current TVs to receive digital signals may hit store shelves by next spring.
To understand how the digital revolution will change the way you watch TV, it helps to know how TVs work now. Today, TV networks such as CBS and Fox broadcast TV show as analog electrical signals. These signals travel via the airwaves, satellites, or cable as a continuous stream of electromagnetic energy (like light and radio waves). But this system leaves a lot of room for error. The main problem is that interference can change the voltage of the signal as it travels. This may result in a distorted of miscolored picture. If we send out the signal in a form. that is nearly free from interference -- binary code, pictures and colors are not distorted.
You will need to buy a new TV to receive these signals. And the new sets may cost 1, 000 US dollars more than today's TVs. But they will come with other benefits that may make the price worthwhile. For one thing, the screens will be wider, like movie screens. In addition, the color will be richer. And you will also get digital CD-quality sound.
Besides these benefits, digital TVs can offer you much wider choice of programs. Digital data can expand TV choices because computers can compress digital signals. Broadcasters will be able to send out six times as much as information on the same "channel".
The following qualities are mentioned in the passage EXCEPT ______？
As every traveler soon finds out, it is important to know the local time.【C1】______until the last century, every town and village kept its own time, usually regulated【C2】______an official public clock set in the town hall or village church.【C3】______the sun was directly overhead, the clock【C4】______strike noon. This meant that the time was【C5】______for each degree of longitude(经度). Saudi Arabia and a few Pacific islands still keep this "sun time".【C6】______of the world, however, operates according to time zones【C7】______by international agreement. The globe is divided【C8】______24 time zones, one for each hour of the day. Mean time is the time at the Prime Meridian(本初子午线). All the【C9】______zones are measured according to【C10】______time or minus time, reflecting the differences【C11】______the particular time zone and Greenwich mean time. The International Date Line,【C12】______one day changes to the next, is at【C13】______near the 180th meridian.
The boundaries between time zones are usually meridians.【C14】______on some maps they appear to be straight lines, they are【C15】______great circles. In many places,【C16】______, the time-zone boundaries have been【C17】______to accommodate national boundaries and other political or economic divisions.
Most nations prefer to have【C18】______of their territory in the same time zone. Those【C19】______very large areas, however, need to【C20】______themselves into two or more zones.
【C1】
听力原文：M: Hey, Karen. Look like you got some sun this weekend.
W: Yeah. I guess so. I spent the weekend at the beach.
M: Oh, yeah. That's great. Where did you stay？
W: Some friends of my parents live out there, and they invited me for as long as I wanted to stay.
M: So what are you doing back here？
W: Oh, I have a paper I need to work on. And I just couldn't do any serious studying at the beach.
M: I don't blame you. So what did you do out there？ I mean besides lie out in the sun, obviously.
W: I jogged up and down the beach and I played some volleyball. You know I never realized how hard it is to run on sand. I couldn't get through a whole game before I had to sit down. It's much easier to run on wet sand near the water.
M: Not to mention cooler. Did you go swimming？
W: I wanted to. But they said the water isn't warm enough for that until a couple of months from now. So I just waded in up to my knees.
M: It all sound's so relaxing. I wish I could get away to the beach like that.
W: It looks like you could use it. Don't tell me you spent the weekend in the library again.
How did the woman spend last weekend？
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