Part A
Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
The idea of a fish being able to generate electricity strong enough to light lamp bulbs--or even to run a small electricmotor-is almost unbelievable, but several kinds of fish are able to do this. Even more strangely, this curious power has been acquired in different ways by fish belonging to very different families.
Perhaps the best known are the electric rays, or torpedoes (电鳐), of which several kinds live in warm seas. They possess on each side of the head, behind the eyes, a large organ consisting of a number of hexagonal shaped cells rather like a honeycomb. The cells are filled with a jelly-like substance, and contain a series of flat electric plates. One side, the negative side, of each plate, is supplied with very fine nerves, connected with a main nerve coming from a special part of the brain. Current passes from the upper, positive side of the organ downwards to the negative, lower side. Generally it is necessary to touch the fish in two places, completing the circuit, in order to receive a shock.
The strength of this shock depends on the size of the fish, but newly born ones only about 5 centimetres across can be made to light the bulb of a pocket flashlight for a few moments, while a fully grown torpedo gives a shock capable of knocking a man down, and, if suitable wires are connected, will operate a small electric motor for several minutes.
Another famous example is the electric eel. This fish gives an even more powerful shock. The system is different from that of the torpedo in that the electric plates run longitudinally (纵向) and are supplied with nerves from the spinal (脊骨) cord. Consequently, the current passes along the fish from head to tail. The electric organs of these fish are really altered muscles and like all muscles are apt (likely) to tire, so they are not able to produce electricity for very long.
The power of producing electricity may serve these fish both for defence and attack.
It can be seen from the passage that ______.
A. the capacity to generate electricity is the distinctive characteristic of the fish
B. the current travels in an upward direction from the positive side to negative side in torpedo's electric cells
C. some fish can produce enough electricity to drive a number of electricmotors
D. the torpedo's electric cells have a shape with six sides
According to the most modern idea, a real myth has nothing to do with religion. It is an explanation of something in nature; how, for instance, any and everything in the universe came into existence: men, animals, this or that tree or flower, the sun, the moon, the stars, storms, eruptions, earthquakes, all that is and all that happens. Thunder and lightning ale caused when Zeus hurls his thunderbolt. A volcano erupts because a terrible creature is imprisoned in the mountain and every now and then struggles to get free. The Dipper (大熊星座), the constellation (星座) called also the Great Bear, does not set below the horizon because a goddess once was angry at it and decreed (命令) that it should never sink into the sea. Myths ale early science, the result of men's first trying to explain what they saw around them.
But there are many so-called myths which explain nothing at all. These tales are pure entertainment, the sort of thing people would tell each other on a long winter's evening. The story of Pygmalion (皮格马利翁) and Galatea is all example; it has no conceivable connection with any event in nature. Neither has the Quest of the Golden Fleece (录找金羊毛), nor Orpheus (奥菲士,竖琴圣手) and Eurydice, nor many another. This fact is now generally accepted; and we do not have to try to find in every mythological heroine the moon or the dawn and in every hero's life a sun myth. The stories are early literature as well as early science. But religion is there, too. In the background, to be sure, but nevertheless plain to see. From Homer through the tragedians and even later, there is a deepening realization of what human beings need and what they must have in their gods.
The author believes that myths ______.
A. have nothing to do with religion
B. have to do with science, religion and entertainment
C. are pure entertainment with no religious content
D. contain very modern ideas
The purpose of writing this article is ______.
A. to draw the readers' attention to a new standard for measuring power
B. to demonstrate American political influence in the world
C. to emphasize that effort must be made to strengthen the declining U. S. industrial base
D. to show American industrial prowers
What is the best title for the passage?
A. Late Again.
B. A Helpful Conductor.
C. At the Union Station.
D. Conductor, Porter and I.