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Pathways to Research: Problem-solving
(1) Pittsburgh&39;s many hills aren&39;t kind to bikers. Anyone hoping to pedal to work there has to contend with steep streets like Canton Avenue, which famously climbs at a nearly 40-degree angle. As a result, some residents avoid biking altogether.＜br＞
(2) But University of Pittsburgh graduate Micah Toll,23, and a few friends recently launched an invention that they hope will increase the city&39;s pedal power. An electric bike called to Pulse PEVO.＜br＞
A super-strong battery powers the bicycle. Able to hit nearly 20 miles per hour without pedaling, it zips up the city&39;s most daunting(令人却步的)hills. Toll hopes it will persuade people in Pittsburgh and elsewhere to get out of their cars and onto bikes.＜br＞
(3) If it sounds like Toll has a knack (窍门 ) for fixing problems, that&39;s because he does. In high school, he designed a new type of construction beam. It weighs no more than a feather pillow but can be used to build sturdy (坚固的 ) homes for refugees fleeing war or natural disaster.＜br＞
For his work, Toll was invited to attend the Inter International Science and Engineering Fair(self)- twice, in 2006 and 2007. The annual competition for young researchers is program of Society for Science & the Public (that&39;s the parent organization of Science News for Kids). Toll says that when, it comes to science, he keeps it simple: "You see a problem and say, "How could I solve that？"＜br＞
(4) He&39;s not the only to take that approach. Many young researchers get their start by trying to solve a problem or fulfill a need in their own communities. When students dedicate themselves to finding a solution that many benefit their community, "a passion is ignited (点燃) ," says Wendy Hawkins, executive director of the Inter Foundation, which sponsors Intel ISEF." Finding that passion and fostering it can be the key to many students future success," she says.
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熔化热熔型改性沥青胶结料时，宜采用专用的导热油炉加热，加热温度不应高于200。C，使用温度不应低于（）℃。
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Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker (修补) with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices. "They&39;re the best toys out there," says Howle Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist, a person who designs, builds or programs robots.＜br＞
When Choset was a kid, he was interested in anything that moved--cars, trains, animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later, in high school, he built mobile robots similar to small cars.＜br＞
Hoping to continue working on robots, he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the Califomia Institute of Technology in Pasadena, Choset&39;s labmates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars: robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward, backward, left and right. But snakes can twist (扭曲 ) in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain (地形) . "Snakes are far more interesting than the cars," Choset concluded.＜br＞
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon, Choset and his colleagues there bagan developing their own snake robots. Choset&39;s team programmed robots to perform. the same movements as real snakes, such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don&39;t, such as rolling.＜br＞
Choset&39;s snake robots could crawl (爬行) through the grass, swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.＜br＞
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries, the doctor has to open a patient&39;s chest, cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform. the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake？＜br＞
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati, a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School, to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and they tested the robot in pigs.＜br＞
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.＜br＞
Even after 15 years of working with his team&39;s creations, "I still don&39;t get bored of watching the motion of my robots," Choset says.
Choset began to build robots in high school. 查看材料
The planet that could support life might be a little bit smaller than Earth.
下列外加剂中，不属于改善混凝土拌和物流变性能的外加剂是（）。
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