Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet 1. Text 1 The California Public Employees’ Retirement System (CaIPERS) has positioned itself as the premier champion of investor rights, regularly singling out bad managers at some of the nation’s largest companies in its annual corporate-governance focus lists. And with $153 billion under management, Wall Street tends to listen when CalPERS speaks out. But the country’s largest pension fund has never taken on as big a fish as it did Dec. 16, when it filed a class action against the New York Stock Exchange and seven of its member firms. CalPERS’ suit charges the NYSE and specialist firms with fraud, alleging that the exchange skirted its regulatory duties and allowed its members to trade stocks at the expense of investors. The move is a major slap in the face for the NYSE’s recently appointed interim Chairman John Reed. The former Citibank chairman and CEO came on board in September after the exchange’s longtime head, Richard Grasso, resigned under pressure over public outrage about his excessive compensation. Reed has been widely criticized by CalPERS and other institutional investors for not including representatives of investors on the exchange’s newly constituted board and not clearly separating the exchange’s regulatory function from its day-to-day operations. The CalPERS lawsuit is evidence that the investment communities’ dissatisfaction hasn’t ebbed. "Our hopes were dashed when Mr. Reed didn’t perform," says Harrigan. The suit alleges that seven specialist firms profited by abusing and overusing a series of trading tactics. The tactics, which are not currently illegal, include "penny jumping’, where a firm positions itself between two orders to capture a piece of the price differential, "front running", which involves trading in advance of customers based on confidential information obtained by their orders, and "freezing" the firm’s order book so that the firm can make trades on its own account first. Many of the suit’s allegations are based on a previously disclosed investigation of the exchange conducted by the Securities & Exchange Commission. According to the suit, the October SEC report found "serious deficiencies in the NYSE’s surveillance and investigative procedures, including a habit of ignoring repeat violations by specialist firms". The suit highlights the growing frustration that institutional investors have expressed with what they perceive as a system that needs to be revamped—if not eliminated. According to California State Comptroller Steve Westley, a CalPERS board member who participated in the Dec. 16 press conference, he has repeatedly called on the NYSE to end its use of specialist firms to facilitate trades and move to a system of openly matching of buyers and sellers. BLIND EYE "There’s no reason not to move to a fully automated exchange," Westley says. "Every exchange in the world is using such a system. The time is now for the NYSE to move into the 21st century and remove the cloud that there’s self-dealing working against investors." Which of the following statements is Not true()
A. Investors were not sufficiently represented on NYSE's board.
B. The seven specialist firms made profits by illegal procedures.
CalPERS suit against the NYSE resulted largely from a SEC's report.
D. NYSE had ignored the firms' improper operations for a long time.
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群体规范()。
A. 是约束群体成员行为举止的规章制度
B. 是群体中少数人的规范
C. 一旦形成,很难通过外力而更改
D. 总是与正式的规章制度相抵触
人对客观事物的感知()。
A. 是人的主、客观特征共同作用的结果
B. 总是与客观实际一致的
C. 总是与客观实际不一致的
D. 对人的态度与行为并无实际影响
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet 1. Text 1 The California Public Employees’ Retirement System (CaIPERS) has positioned itself as the premier champion of investor rights, regularly singling out bad managers at some of the nation’s largest companies in its annual corporate-governance focus lists. And with $153 billion under management, Wall Street tends to listen when CalPERS speaks out. But the country’s largest pension fund has never taken on as big a fish as it did Dec. 16, when it filed a class action against the New York Stock Exchange and seven of its member firms. CalPERS’ suit charges the NYSE and specialist firms with fraud, alleging that the exchange skirted its regulatory duties and allowed its members to trade stocks at the expense of investors. The move is a major slap in the face for the NYSE’s recently appointed interim Chairman John Reed. The former Citibank chairman and CEO came on board in September after the exchange’s longtime head, Richard Grasso, resigned under pressure over public outrage about his excessive compensation. Reed has been widely criticized by CalPERS and other institutional investors for not including representatives of investors on the exchange’s newly constituted board and not clearly separating the exchange’s regulatory function from its day-to-day operations. The CalPERS lawsuit is evidence that the investment communities’ dissatisfaction hasn’t ebbed. "Our hopes were dashed when Mr. Reed didn’t perform," says Harrigan. The suit alleges that seven specialist firms profited by abusing and overusing a series of trading tactics. The tactics, which are not currently illegal, include "penny jumping’, where a firm positions itself between two orders to capture a piece of the price differential, "front running", which involves trading in advance of customers based on confidential information obtained by their orders, and "freezing" the firm’s order book so that the firm can make trades on its own account first. Many of the suit’s allegations are based on a previously disclosed investigation of the exchange conducted by the Securities & Exchange Commission. According to the suit, the October SEC report found "serious deficiencies in the NYSE’s surveillance and investigative procedures, including a habit of ignoring repeat violations by specialist firms". The suit highlights the growing frustration that institutional investors have expressed with what they perceive as a system that needs to be revamped—if not eliminated. According to California State Comptroller Steve Westley, a CalPERS board member who participated in the Dec. 16 press conference, he has repeatedly called on the NYSE to end its use of specialist firms to facilitate trades and move to a system of openly matching of buyers and sellers. BLIND EYE "There’s no reason not to move to a fully automated exchange," Westley says. "Every exchange in the world is using such a system. The time is now for the NYSE to move into the 21st century and remove the cloud that there’s self-dealing working against investors." According to Westley, NYSE's problem results from()
A. its reliance on specialist firms
B. its system of matching traders
C. its automated exchange
D. its violation of investors' interests
在(),学前教育的目标是:以发展儿童智力为中心。
A. 工业社会
B. 工业社会初期
C. 现代社会
D. 现代社会初期