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The issue of online privacy in the Internet age found new urgency following the Sept.11 terrorist attacks, sparking debate over striking the correct balance between protecting civil liberties and attempting to prevent another tragic terrorist act. While preventing terrorism certainly is of paramount importance, privacy rights should not be deemed irrelevant.In response to the attacks, Congress quickly passed legislation that included provisions expanding rights of investigators to intercept wire, oral and electronic communications of alleged hackers and terrorists. Civil liberties groups expressed concerns over the provisions and urged caution in ensuring that efforts to protect our nation do not result in broad government authority to erode privacy rights of U.S. citizens. Nevertheless, causing further concern to civil liberties groups, the Department of Justice proposed exceptions to the attorney-client privilege. On Oct.30, Attorney General John Ashcroft approved an interim agency rule that would permit federal prison authorities to monitor wire and electronic communications between lawyers and their clients in federal custody, including those who have been detained but not charged with any crime, whenever surveillance is deemed necessary to prevent violence or terrorism.In light of this broadening effort to reach into communications that were previously believed to be "off-limits", the issue of online privacy is now an even more pressing concern. Congress has taken some legislative steps toward ensuring online privacy, including the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act, and provided privacy protections for certain sectors through legislation such as the Financial Services Modernization Act. The legislation passed to date does not, however, provide a statutory scheme for protecting general online consumer privacy. Lacking definitive federal law, some states passed their own measures. But much of this legislation is incomplete or not enforced. Moreover, it becomes unworkable when states create different privacy standards; the Internet does not know geographic boundaries, and companies and individuals cannot be expected to comply with differing, and at times conflicting, privacy rules.An analysis earlier this year of 751 U.S. and international Web sites conducted by Consumers International found that most sites collect personal information but fail to tell consumers how that data will be used, how security is maintained and what rights consumers have over their own information.At a minimum, Congress should pass legislation requiring Web sites to display privacy policies prominently, inform consumers of the methods employed to collect client data, allow customers to opt out of such data collection, and provide customer access to their own data that has already been collected. Although various Internet privacy bills were introduced in the 107th Congress, the focus shifted to expanding government surveillance in the wake of the terrorist attacks. Plainly, government efforts to prevent terrorism are appropriate. Exactly how these exigent circumstances change the nature of the online privacy debate is still to be seen. Privacy standards made by individual states are ineffective because ().

A. the standards of different states contradict each other
B. online communication is not restricted to any state
C. these standards ignore the federal law on the matter
D. these standards are only applicable to regional Web sites

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南丁格尔编著的______,充分展现了护理伦理的本质。

Every year there are reports of people dying as the result of extremely hot weather. Many of the victims are old persons, whose hearts or breathing systems decline. But many die from lack of water.Water is necessary for life and good health. We often forget this fact when we think about the other building blocks of life such as vitamins, minerals and proteins. We can live for many days without eating, but two or three days without water usually leads to death.The human body may look solid, but most of it is water. New born babies are as much as 85% water. Women are about 65% water and men about 75%. Women usually have less water than men because women, in general, have more fat cells, and fat cells hold less water than other kinds of cells.Water does many different things to keep us healthy. It carries hormones, antibodies and foods through the body, and carries away waste materials. That is why different parts of the body contain different amounts of water. For example, blood is 83% water, muscles are 75% water, the brain is 74%, and bones are 25%.Water is also necessary for cooling the body under hot weather and when we are working hard or exercising, water carries body heat tO the surface of the skin, where the heat is lost through perspiration. Researchers say cool liquids cool us faster than warm liquids, because cold liquids take up more heat inside the body and carry it away faster. They say, however, that cold sweet drinks do not work well because the sugar slows the liquid from getting into the blood-stream.Researchers also note that fat ceils block body heat from escaping quickly. Fat cells under the skin act like warm clothing to keep body heat inside. This is why overweight people have a more easy time staying cool than thin people.The body loses water every day through perspiration and urine. If we lose too much, we will become sick. A 10% drop in body water can cause the blood system to fail. A 15%~20% drop usually leads to death. To replace what is lost, health experts say growing persons should drink about 2 liters of liquids each day, and more in hot weather. They say we can also get some of the water we need in the foods we eat. Most fruits and vegetables are more than 80% water. Meats are 50%-60% water. And even bread is about 33% water. Water may be one of the most simple of all chemical substances, but it is the most important substance that we put into our bodies. Women have more fat cells so women have less water.

A. 对
B. 错

Questions 17~20 are based on the following talk. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17~20.The human nose has given to the languages of the world many interesting expressions. Of course, this is not surprising. Without the nose, we could not breathe nor smell. It is a part of the face that gives a person special character. Cyrano de Bergerac said that a large nose showed a great man courageous, courteous, manly, and intellectual.A famous woman poet wished that she had two noses to smell a rose! Blaise Pascal, a French philosopher, made an interesting comment about Cleopatra’s nose. If it had been shorter, he said, it would have changed the whole face of the world!Historically, man’s nose has had a principal role in his imagination. Man has referred to the nose in many ways to express his emotions. Expressions concerning the nose refer to human weakness: anger, pride, jealousy and revenge.In English there are a number of phrases about the nose. For example, to hold up one’s nose expresses a basic human feeling—pride. People can hold up their noses at people, things, and places.The phrase, to be led around by the nose, shows man’s weakness. A person who is led around by the nose lets other people control him. On the other hand, a person who follows his nose lets his instinct guide him.For the human emotion of rejection, the phrase to have one’s nose put out of joint is very descriptive. The expression applies to persons who have been turned aside because of a rival. Their pride is hurt and they feel rejected. This expression is not new. It was used by Erasmus in 1542.This is only a sampling of expressions in English dealing with the nose. There are a number of others. However, it should be as plain as the nose on your face that the nose is more than an organ for breathing and smelling! Who can be described as "a man to have his nose put out of joint" ().

A gay man.
B. A sick man.
C. A man who wants to smell a flower.
D. A man who feels hurt and depressed.

甲公司2009年至2015年发生有关经济业务: (1)2009年1月10日,甲公司销售一批商品给乙公司,贷款为2000万元(含增值税额)。合同约定,乙公司应于2009年4月10目前支付上述货款。由于资金周转困难,乙公司到期不能偿付货款。经协商,甲公司与乙公司达成如下债务重组协议:乙公司以一批产品和一台设备偿还全部债务。乙公司用于偿债的产品成本为432万元,市场价格和计税价格均为540万元,未计提存货跌价准备;用于偿债的设备原价为1800万元,已计提折旧720万元,已计提减值准备180万元,市场价格为769.23万元。债务重组日为2009年12月31日。甲公司和乙公司适用的增值税税率均为17%。假定不考虑除增值税以外的其他相关税费。接受的固定资产作为生产经营用设备,其进项税额可抵扣,预计该固定资产尚可使用6年,净残值为零,采用直线法摊销,此外接收的固定资产发生测试费用130.77万元并以银行存款支付。当日投入车间使用。甲公司对该项债权已计提坏账准备400万元。 (2)2011年12月31日,由于与该固定资产相关的经济因素发生不利变化,致使其发生减值,甲公司该项固定资产的公允价值减去处置费用后的净额为420万元,预计未来现金流量的现值为400万元。假定计提减值准备以后固定资产的预计使用年限和净残值不变。 (3)假设甲公司为使产品进一步满足市场需要,适应新技术的发展,2013年底决定从2013年12月31日起对该设备进行更新改造。 (4)2014年1月1日向银行专门借款500万元,期限为3年,年利率为12%,每年1月1日付息。 (5)除专门借款外,公司还动用了一笔于2013年12月1日借入的长期借款600万元,期限为5年,年利率为8%,每年12月1日付息。 (6)由于审批、办手续等原因,于2014年4月1日才开始动工兴建,工程建设期间的支出情况如下: 2014年4月1日:200万元; 2014年6月1日:100万元; 2014年7月1日:300万元; 2014年9月1日~12月31日由于施工质量问题工程停工4个月。 2015年1月1日:100万元; 2015年4月1日:50万元; 2015年7月1日:50万元。 工程于2015年9月30日完工,达到预定可使用状态,预计尚可使用年限10年,净残值为42.33万元。专门借款中未支出部分全部存入银行,假定月利率为0.5%。假定全年按照360天计算,每月按照30天计算。 要求: 编制甲公司2009年12月31日债务重组时的会计分录。

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