题目内容
A．Sort the mail.B．Answer the mail.C．Read the magazines.D．File important information:
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听力原文：M: Hey, Jane. What do you think of the art museum you visited last week？
W: It is wonderful, especially the new wing.
M: I have just read an article about that new wing and it says the cost is ninety million total. It's amazing, I think.
W: Yeah, the guide mentioned that. You could see they built it at all costs.
M: Hmm. It looks really unusual, at least from what I saw in the picture.
W: It's really impressive. There are triangles all over the paving stones in the courtyard, the skylights, and even a lot of the sculptures. All the sculptures are mobile and are made of pieces of aluminum that move slowly in the air. You'll like it, I bet.
M: The article said that, too. It was said the original was steel, and it weighed so much that it wasn't safe to hang.
W: Right. They used aluminum later so that those sculptures wouldn't come down on someone's head.
M: From the article, I also learned there appeared many other problems when they built it.
W: The article sounds interesting.
M: Yes, it went into every detail about the new wing. There was even an interview with the sculptor.
W: I'd like to read that. May I borrow your magazine？
M: Of course. Just come to my place and take it tonight.
(20)
A．He worked there as a guide.B．He read about it.C．He had just visited it.D．He intervie
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
Over the past decade, American companies have tried hard to find ways to discourage senior managers from feathering their own nests at the expense of their shareholder. The three most popular reforms have been recruiting more outside directors in order to make boards more independent, linking bosses' pay to various performance measures, and giving bosses share options so that they have the same long-term interests as their shareholders.
These reforms have been widely adopted by America's larger companies, and surveys suggest that many more companies are thinking of following their lead. But have they done any good？ Three papers presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management in Boston this week suggest not. As is usually the case with boardroom tinkering, the consequences have differed from those intended.
Start with those independent boards. On the face of it, dismissing the boss's friends from the board and replacing them with outsiders looks a perfect way to make senior managers more accountable. But that is not the conclusion of a study by Professor James Westphal. Instead, he found that bosses with a boardroom full of outsiders spend much of their time building alliances, doing personal favors and generally pleasing the outsiders.
All too often, these seductions succeed. Mr. Westphal found that, to a remarkable degree, "independent" boards pursue strategies that are likely to favor senior managers rather than shareholders. Such companies diversify their business, increase the pay of executives and weaken the link between pay and performances. To assess the impact of performance-related pay, Mr. Westphal asked the bosses of 103 companies with sales of over $1 billion what measurements were used to determine their pay. The measurements varied widely, ranging from sales to earnings per share. But these researchers uncovered a startling finding: executives "attend to measures that affect their own incomes and ignore or play down other factors that determine a company's overall success".
In short, bosses are quick to turn every imaginable system of corporate government to their advantage, which is probably why they are the people who are put in charge of things. Here is a paradox for the management theorists: any boss who cannot beat a system designed to keep him under control is probably not worth having.
The purpose of the large companies in recruiting outsiders and putting them on the board of directors is to ______.
A．Because it was one of the first tools.B．Because it developed human capacities.C．Beca
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