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A．Neglect the problems and pay chief attention to its benefits.B．Make improvements to
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Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
Perhaps the most important defining characteristic of a human being is culture. The term culture as used here is not limited to operas, paintings, and other artistic endeavors. These are seen by anthropologists (人类学家) as examples of culture: culture itself is the customary manner in which human groups learn to organize their behavior. and thought in relation to their environment. Defined in this manner, culture has three principal aspects: behavioral, perceptual and material. The behavioral component refers to how people act, especially how they interact with each other. In child rearing (养育), for example, parents and children tend to interact in a relatively patterned fashion. Then there is the manner of perception, the ways people perceive the world. For example, parents have a limited range of ideas about how they should act, and what significance parenthood carries in the scheme of things. Finally, there is the material component of culture -- the physical objects that we produce.
Most of what goes into making up culture is a result of learning -- modifying behavior. in response to experience within an environment. Learning is practically universal among organisms. But no other organism has a greater capacity for learning than a human, or depends as much on learned behavior. for its survival.
While the survival of most other organisms is to some extent safeguarded by instincts, humans rely heavily on culture for their survival. People must learn how to live in a particular social and physical setting, biology playing but a minimal (最小的) role.
The ideas and modes of behavior. that constitute culture are transmitted largely by a complex system of symbols that includes language. Humans have evolved an extremely complex system of communication that is unique to our species. Without it the creation of human culture as we know it would be impossible.
What is the definition of culture given by anthropologists？
听力原文：M: Now, what's your problem, Madam？
W: Oh, yes. My husband bought this yellow skirt here yesterday. It is very nice, but it's not the color I want. Have you got any blue ones？
Q: What does the woman want to do？
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Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
听力原文： American engineers Paul Flores and Jim Gibbson are studying Mexico's earthquake warning system. They hope such a system could be implemented in California where earthquakes are quite common even if it could give only a few seconds of warning before an earthquake.
"With just a couple of seconds' warning, teachers, for example, can get the children under the desks before things on the shelves start failing onto their heads, "Flores said, "That's what early warning could do in the States."
Flores and Gibbson have a one-year, $ 50,000grant from the National Science Foundation to study Mexico's early warning system. The system is made up of 12 earthquake monitors buried 305 kilometers south of Mexico City along the coast.
When an earthquake measuring 3.5 or greater on the Richter scale strikes, the monitors detect the shack waves and instantly send out an electronic signal to computers in Mexico City. The computers process the information and continue to pass it to radio stations and public speakers that sound earthquake alarms. City residents can then be warned to get to safe places. Since the electronic signal travels faster than the quake's shock waves, the city can receive a warning of about one minute before the quake strikes.
But a similar system in California would not be able to give that long a warning because earthquake centers are much closer to population centers.
Gibbson noted that problems do exist with Mexico's system, including false alarms issued by small earthquakes. "But people shouldn't lose confidence in the warning system," Gibbson said. And according to an earthquake expert in Mexico City, there are more benefits than problems. "We still have a lot to learn, but the more we learn, the better it will be for people in California to be able to use a system one day based on our actual experience," the expert said.
(35)
A．Press certain points around the eyes with the fingers.B．Look at distant objects by m
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