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22 The United States of America is among the top 10 countries.
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The best way to reduce your weight
You hear this：“No Wonder you are fat．An you ever do is eat．”You feel sad：“I skip my breakfast and supper.I run every morning and evening．What else can I do？”Basically you can do nothing．Your genes，not your life habits，determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it．
Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that.“80 percent of the Children of two obese parents become obese，as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight．”
How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting？Well,dieting can be effective.but the health costs are tremendous．Jules Hirsch，a research physician at Rockefeller University,did a study of eight fat people．They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a dayl．After more than 10 weeks，the subjects lost 45kg on average．But after leaving the hospital．they au regained.The results were surprising：by metabolic measurement，fat people who lost large amounts ofweight seemed like they were starving．They had psychiatric problems．They dreamed of food or breaking their diet2．They were anxious and depressed；some were suicidal．They hid food in their rooms．Researchers warm that it is possible that weight reduction doesn’t result in normal weight，but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people．
Thin people，however，suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight．Ethan Sims，of the University of Vermont，got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight．In four to six months，they ate as much as they could．They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent．But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there．
This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight．It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight．
The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true—each person has a comfortable weight range3．The range might be as much as 9kg．Someone might weigh 60—69kg without too much effort But going above of below the natural weight range is difficult．The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks．
第 41 题 What determines your weight？
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New Foods and the New World
In the last 500 years, nothing about people -- not their clothes, ideas, or languages- has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made from the seeds of the cocoa tree （可可树） by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500's. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London, shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.
The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the "Potato Famine （饥荒）" of 1845 － 1846, and thousands more were forced to leave their homeland and move to America.
There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world's largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries.But it is native to Ethiopia, a country in Africa. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400's.
Accordingto an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a person named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the "wide-awake" feeling that one third of the world's population now starts the day with.
第 31 题 According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years.
According to the passage，many Third World countries________．
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