题目内容

The nature of work is changing. Recent technological advances, a shift from manufacturing to service-based organizations, increased global competition, and the importance of knowledge workers all have contributed to a dynamic and complex work environment. To survive, organizations must embrace flexibility and adaptability. They must have a systems view that help them to integrate the meaning of common everyday【M1】______ occurrences into overall interrelationships, interdependencies, and patterns of change to allow them to achieve this needed adaptability. Very often, organizations accompany these goals【M2】______ through the implementation of teams. A team is a collective of dependent individuals who together【M3】______ have shared objectives, mental models, and procedures that guide their perceptions, thinking, and behaviors toward a common goal. The process which teams achieve this commonality is called【M4】______ collaboration. Dissimilarly, cooperation has been discussed as a【M5】______ team skill competency that includes offering help to those team members who need it, pacing activities to fit the needs of the team, and behaving so that actions are not misinterpreted. Collective organizations immerse themselves to the virtues of collaboration【M6】______ and cooperation by reducing the hierarchy of social stratification on which traditional bureaucratic organizations rely. However,【M7】______ they encourage decisions to be made by the collective group to foster a sense of community and shared purpose. Cooperation and teamwork facilitate coordination, communication, adaptability, enhance employee participation, and empowerment, thereby【M8】______ allowing individuals to achieve collective outputs that are greater than the sum of their parts. Organizations continue to depend on teams and the synergy they engender to assist at streamlining work【M9】______ processes that promote efficiency, the increased innovation, and【M10】______ quality of products and services.
【M1】

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Besides concerns about how ads affect individuals, critics have raised ethical issues about how advertising affects society. For example, J. K. Galbraith argued that advertising creates the desires that the production of consumer goods then satisfy. Others【M1】______ accuse advertising for creating a materialistic society full of【M2】______ people think that happiness lies in owning things and who are【M3】______ obsessed with buying consumer goods. These critics think we are creating a society in which private goods are plentiful and in【M4】______ which public goods, which are seldom advertised, are ignored—a society rich in private cars but whose highways and streets are disintegrating. Ads drive selfish consumption on the expense of【M5】______ friendship, community, art, and truth. Furthermore, advertising allows the system to "buy off" political unsatisfied people with【M6】______ promises and consumer goods, leading to political apathy and the undermining of democracy. However, there are many who think these sorts of criticisms exaggerate the impact of ads on society. Major social changes are caused by advertising; ads follow【M7】______ social trends, and they dont create them. This debate centers on two perhaps resolvable issues. First, there is the empirical question of【M8】______ how much impact advertising has on society; this is difficult to answer because the effect of ads cannot be separated from other social forces, and because it is hard to determine whether ads cause or follow social trends. Second, there is the ethical question of whether the purported effects, such as materialism, are morally objective. Perhaps it is more helpful to look at specific issues【M9】______ rather than the social impact of advertising in the general.【M10】______
【M1】

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