The most interesting architectural phenomenon of the 1970's was the enthusiasm for refurbishing old buildings. Obviously, this was not an entirely new phenomenon. What is new is the wholesale interest in reusing the past, in recycling, in adaptive rehabilitation. A few trial efforts, such as Ghirardelli Square in San Francisco, proved their financial viability in 1960s, but it was in the 1970's, with strong government support through tax incentives and rapid depreciation. As well as growing interest in ecology issues, that recycling became a major factor on the urban scene.
One of the most comprehensive ventures was the restoration and transformation of Boston's eighteenth century Faneuil Hall and the Quincy Market, designed in 1824. This section had fallen on hard times, but beginning with the construction of a new city hall immediately adjacent, it has returned to life with the intelligent reuse of these fine old buildings under the design leadership of Benjamin Thomson. He has provided a marvelous setting for dining, shopping, professional offices, and simply walking.
Butler Square, in Minneapolis, exemplifies major changes in its complex of offices, commercial space, and public amenities carved out of a massive pile designed in 1906 as a hardware warehouse. The exciting interior timber structure of the building was highlighted by cutting light courts through the interior and adding large skylights.
San Antonio, Texas, offers an object lesson for numerous other cities combating urban decay. Rather than bringing in the bulldozers, San Antonio's leaders rehabilitated existing structures, while simultaneously cleaning up the San Antonio River, which menders through the business district.
What is the main idea of the passage?
A. During the 1970's, old buildings in many cities were recycled for modern use.
B. Recent interest in ecology issues has led to the cleaning up of many rivers.
C. The San Antoino example shows that bulldozers are not the way to fight urban decay.
D. Strong government support has made adaptive rehabilitation a reality in Boston.
A.They had lost their jobs as a result of the Industrial Revolution.B.They had been su
A. They had lost their jobs as a result of the Industrial Revolution.
B. They had been suffering from political and religious oppression.
C. They wanted to flee from the widespread famine in Northern Europe.
D. They wanted to make a fortune there by starting their own businesses.
A.Most Londoners were frightened.B.Most Londoners became rather confused.C.Most London
A. Most Londoners were frightened.
B. Most Londoners became rather confused.
C. Most Londoners took Exercise Flood Call calmly.
D. Most Londoners complained about the trouble caused by Exercise Flood Call.
There is no doubt about it: the Earth really is growing warmer. If you live in a city, that is, urban【C1】______ have known for years that swaths of asphalt and concrete tend to【C2】______ the summer heat. As cities have grown,【C3】______ has the temperature problem. This summer, NASA and the Environmental Protection Agency teamed up with several U.S. cities to study urban "heat islands" and【C4】______ ways to bring some【C5】______ . The pilot program【C6】______ satellite, airplane and ground-based date to produce detailed maps of the hot and (comparatively) cool zones in the【C7】______ areas.
Images of Salt Lake City,【C8】______ in late July, document the【C9】______ of the urban heat problem. Some dark rooftops reach a temperature of 160 degrees F.(71 degrees C.). Jeff Luvall,【C10】______ heads the heat island project, notes that use of【C11】______ materials for roofs and parking lots would help【C12】______ solar heat upward. Urban forests also help reduce temperatures,【C13】 ______ the extent of the improvement depends on both the extent and arrangement of the forests. Luvall reports that【C14】______ along streams brings cool air into Salt Lake City; developers who turn these streams into concrete ditches throw away a【C15】______ natural air conditioning system.【C16】______ , scientists continue to fret about the broader, potentially【C17】______ more troublesome problem of global warming. Vice President Al Gore recently cited government data showing that the first half of 1998 was the warmest year【C18】______ record and called on Congress to adopt【C19】______ that would【C20】______ emissions of greenhouse gases.
【C1】
A. population
B. citizens
C. dwellers
D. people