题目内容
Football
Modern football originated in England in the 19th century. The first international football match was played in 1871 between Scotland and England and the final score was nil all. Nil is the term used in football to indicate a score of zero and nil all means both teams did not score.
FIFA stands for Federation of International Football Associations and was founded in Paris on 21st May 1904. The first World Cup was held in South America in Montevideo, the capital city of Uruguay in July 1930. FIFA's president at the time, Jules Rimet, was able to persuade 13 teams to meet in Uruguay. Uruguay, planning the celebration of its 100th anniversary of independence in 1930, was assigned the organisation of the first FIFA World Cup. It was the only event not to involve the modern qualifying rounds and the only European teams that came were France, Belgium, Yugoslavia, and Romania. Other European teams either wished to remain in purely amateur events, or argued that the time needed for the trip to South America was far too long. Other than Uruguay six additional South American teams participated, including Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay and Peru. Two teams remained to complete the final 13 for 1930, Mexico and the United States. Victory and the first World Cup went to Uruguay when they beat Argentina four two in the final.
The French sculptor, Abel Lafleur, created the first World Cup trophy, the famous Jules Rimet Cup. This trophy had an interesting history. During the Second World War, it was hidden from the Germans under a bed in an Italian home. After surviving World War Ⅱ, the World Cup was stolen in London during a public exhibition just before the 1966 England World Cup. Fortunately, the trophy was found hidden under a bush by a dog named Pickles before the tournament began. It was stolen again in Brazil in 1983 after the soccer superpower won it permanently after their third World Cup success in 1970. The trophy has never been recovered and many believe that thieves melted it down, leaving Brazil with only a replica of the cup. Under FIFA regulations revised after the disappearance of the Jules Rimet Cup, nowadays even three time champions cannot permanently keep the trophy.
The present trophy is the work of an Italian sculptor named Silvio Gazzaniga and it is 36 centimeters tall and weighs 4.97 kilograms. It was first awarded at the 1974 games in Germany and the champions of the 2006 tournament, also to be held in Germany, will take home a gold-plated replica, which is a little smaller than the original.
Brazil and Germany are the most successful teams in the history of World Cup football. Brazil has won the World Cup five times, including the 2002 World Cup in Japan/South Korea, and taken second place twice. Germany has made it to the final seven times and won the World Cup three times. The only player to have won three World Cups is the Brazilian, Pele whose real name is Edson Arantes do Nascimento.
From 9 June to 9 July 2006, 32 teams will be playing in Germany for the title of the 18th FIFA Football World Champion. There will be a total of 64 matches at 12 venues. After the World Cup in 1974, this is the second time Germany will host the greatest football event in the world and 3.2 million football fans and guests are expected from around the world. The opening match is in Munich on 9 June 2006 and the final match will be in Berlin on 9 July 2006. It will be Germany's second time to host the World Cup after 1974. So far the tournament has been arranged 9 times in Europe, 4 times in Latin America, 2 times in Central America, once in North America and once in Asia(Korea & Japan). It has been never arranged in Africa.
A record number of 205 national teams participated in the qualifiers and there were some surprises in the results. Of the five teams from Africa, Ghana, Togo, Angola and Cote d'Iv
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Most of us don't develop relationships to increase our life spans or to improve our minds and bodies. Such improvements are side effects. Instead, most people seek relationships with others to feel love, gain companionship, or simply to have fun. Mutual interests can be basis for new relationships. A good way to find new friends is to get busy doing the things you love to do. The way, you're likely to meet people who share a similar interest and a similar view of the world.
A good relationship helps you feel lovable and capable. It serves as a support system, allowing you to develop your full potential as a person. One of the most wonderful things you can do for friends is to help them develop their self-concept as they help you develop yours. Reinforcing (加强) people's positive perceptions of themselves frees them to discover their strengths and to wrestle with their shortcomings. What's even more remarkable is that such reinforcement also helps you feel better about yourself.
By quoting the popular saying, the author wants to tell us that ______.
Thieves have melted down the Jules Rimet Cup.
听力原文： At the start of the Middle Ages in Europe, there were no schools, as we know them today. There were no grade schools or high schools. There were no universities where young men could learn professions such as law or medicine. The only schools were in churches or monasteries. Except for some priests and monks, few people could read or write.
As time went on, many young men needed an education so they could learn a profession. In order to get an education, they had to be taught by teachers in a church school.
Some churchmen became known as great teachers. Wherever there was a great teacher, young men gathered to live and study. Then other teachers came to teach the subjects they knew best. A center of learning was formed.
Around A.D. 1100, a famous center of learning grew up around the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris, France. A well-known teacher named Peter Abelard was there. Thousands of students came to Paris from all over Europe. Many teachers came too, and gave classes of their own.
Sometime between A.D. 1150 and A.D. 1170, the teachers formed a group that was much like a union. This group became the University of Paris. The University of Paris was one of the early universities. It had many teachers who taught different subjects, and it served as a model for other such universities.
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