题目内容
Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale was born in Florence，Italy，while her wealthy English parents were traveling in Europe.As a child，she traveled to many places with her family and learned how to speak several languages.
When Nightingale was 17，she told her family that she was going to help sick people.Her parents did not approve，but Nightingale was determined.
She traveled to hospitals all over Europe.She saw that doctors were working too hard.She saw that patients died because they did not get enough care.Nightingale felt that women could be doing more to help doctors take care of sick people.
Nightingale knew that in order for nurses to do more，they needed special training in how to take care of sick people.Nightingale went to a hospital in Germany to study nursing.Then she returned to London and became the head of a group of women called Gentlewomen During Illness.These women cared for sick people in their homes.
In 1854.England was fighting a war with Russia.№reporters wrote about the terrible conditions in the hospitals that cared for the wounded.People demanded that something be done about it.A leader of the government asked Florence Nightingale to take some nurses into the war hospitals.So，in November 1 854，Nightingale finally got to work in a hospital.
She took along 3 8 nurses whom she had trained herself.
At first.the doctors on the battlefields did not want Nightingale and her nurses in their hospitals.They did not believe that women could help.But in fact，the nurses did make a difference.They worked around the clock，tending the sick.Thanks to their hard work，many wounded soldiers survived.
After the war, Nightingale and her nurses were treated 1ike heroes.。Finally，in 1 860，she started the Nightingale School for Nurses.In time，thanks to Florence Nightingale，nursing became an important part of medicine.
第11题：Florence Nightingale was born into a rich
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“Salty”Rice Plant Boosts Harvests British scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more.
Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex University’s School of Biological Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty.
The pair have recently begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability into crops, starting with rice.
It is estimated that each year more than 10m hectares(公顷) of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts(妨碍生长)plants. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics， mangroves(红树林) that create swamps(沼泽) and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut down. In the Mediterranean， a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop， allowing sea water to seep(渗透)in. in Latin America， irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated(蒸发) by the heat， leaving salt deposits behind.
Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally. Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive.
To overcome these problems， Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little slat and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect the plants‘ growth. They have started to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop， but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use.
Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known， Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again， providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world.
第11题：Which of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is true？
东汉许慎在《说文解字》中概括了汉字的六种造字方法一指事、象形、形声、会意、转注、假借。下列文字中，属于形声字造字法的是：
The word “operation” (Para. 4, Line 4) refers to ________.
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