题目内容
UFOs
Sixty years ago, a man named Kenneth Arnold saw something that we can still (51) today - something that changed popular culture for ever.
Flying his plane over mountains in the US state of Washington, he saw a line of strange objects, either crescent-shaped (月牙形的) or disc-like, flying (52) the motion of a saucer (碟) skimming (飞速掠过) on water.
The media soon picked up on the story - the Flying Saucers were here! Was the earth being (53) by creatures from another planet？ Soon, so many sightings were made that the US military began to (54) . It called these strange objects UFOs - Unidentified Flying Objects, and that is how they are (55) today.
Military investigations found no evidence of visitors from outer space. But that did not stop the true (56) . The military were (57) up, they said. Or maybe it was because the travelers from space were of such superior intelligence (58) they could hide from military analysts (分析家) .
People have always seen strange lights in the sky. In the past these were explained in (59) ways. In a world where religion was less influential and science fiction was popular, signs from God were replaced by visitors from other (60) .
The date of the first UFO sightings was also significant. In 1947, World War Ⅱ had just ended and the (61) War was just beginning. Humanity seemed locked in endless conflicts. Like generations before them, people looked. (62) the skies for help. But instead of seeking God, they looked for help from super-intelligent aliens (外星人) with (63) technology. Belief in UFOs became the first religion of science.
However, even people who believe in UFOs are not quite sure why they visit the earth. The universe is a big place and it is (64) to assume that there is life somewhere out there. It is possible that aliens have worked out how to travel through space. Yet some people report that they have been taken by aliens and have had experiments (65) on them. Why would anyone travel across half the universe to conduct medical experiments on people living in small towns in the United States？
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Political Spins
Last week, US White House spokesman Tony Snow sent journalists digging for their dictionaries. He called recent criticism by the former President Bill Clinton "chutzpah" (大胆放肆). With just one sentence, Snow managed to make headlines, a joke and a defense of President George W. Bush. Interestingly. this is how battles are fought and won in US politics - with carefully-worded one-liners (一行字幕新闻) made for TV which often lack substance and clarity (清晰度).
"The amount of information that candidates attempt to communicate to people is actually getting smaller and smaller," said Mark Smith, a political science professor al Cedarville University. This has been accompanied by a changing media environment, Smith said. In 1968, the average TV or radio soundbite (演讲中的句子或短语) was 48 seconds, according to Smith. In 1996, the average soundbite had shrunk (缩短) to 8 seconds. Thus, politicians wanting publicity try to make their public communication as quotable as possible.
Campaigning politicians als0 use 30-second TV ads and clever campaign slogans (口号) to boost their messages. Republican presidential candidate John McCain rides to campaign stops in a bus named the "Straight-Talk Express". McCain hopes the name will convince voters he plans to tell people the truth - whether it's in fashion or not. Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton, on the other hand, has chosen the campaign slogan "Let the conversation begin". She hopes it will help her appear open-minded and friendly.
But one-liners, TV ads and campaign slogans all have a single key ingredient: something commonly called political "spin". Brooks Jackson, a former journalist and the current director of the non-partisan (无党派的) website FactCheck.org, calls spin "just a polite word for deception (欺骗)."
"I do believe that very often politicians believe their own spin," said Jackson.
"Strong partisans suffer from a universal human tendency: They ignore the evidence that would force them into the uncomfortable position of having to change their minds and admit that they were wrong."
Which statement is NOT true of one-liners？
A New Immigration Bill
The US Senate is considering a new immigration bill. It will value the economic promise of immigrants over family ties when considering US residency and citizenship. The legislation, which was proposed by President Bush and a group of senators, contains a point system. The proposal aims to increase the number of immigrants with graduate degrees, earnings or job skills.
The proposed point system would use a 100-point scale. According to a draft of the law, merit applicants could earn up to 47 points for things like occupation, or years of work for a US firm. They could earn up to 28 points for their education, 15 points for English and US civics (公民学), and 10 points for family ties. The system has stirred up debate. Critics on the left say it opposes family unity and American values. Critics on the right complain that it does not reflect the needs of high-tech employers.
The current kinship (血缘关系)-based system puts pressure on the US, as it attracts low-skill workers who consume more public services than they pay back in taxes. It allows a variety of uneducated people in from Mexico and Central America.
The immigration bill would allow eight years to clear the current backlog (积压) of application for a permanent resident card, or green card. After that, only the children and spouses (配偶) of legal immigrants would be able to apply for family visas. Adult children, siblings (兄弟姐妹), parents, and other relatives would have to apply in the general queue (排队). Under the proposal, immigrants from Asian countries would likely fare well (很有利). For instance, over half of recent immigrants from China and India have a bachelor's (学士的) or higher degree. Immigrants from Latin American countries would likely face more difficulties.
Immigration point systems have been in use in Canada, Australia and New Zealand for years. The UK adopted a similar approach in 2001. One thing that Canada and other nations have discovered is that their system needs to fit the needs of their economy. Too often they find that they attract highly-educated people who end up finding work that doesn't use their skills. Some end up driving a taxi.
One of the reasons for proposing the point system is
Which country adopted the point system in 20017
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