题目内容
Many Women Who Beat Cancer Don't Change Habits
Many women who battle breast cancer will tell you it's a life-changing experience. However, a new study shows that for many (51) , the changes aren't always positive or permanent.
Beth Snoke has watched her mother and both grandmothers battle and survive breast (52) . So when she was diagnosed, there was no doubt in her mind (53) she had to do.
"I do exactly what the doctors say as far as the medicine that I'm on , as (54) as the vitamins, the diet, and the fitness. And I can't stress enough (55) important that is. " says Beth Snoke. But a surprising new study shows that (56) every woman who beats breast cancer is getting that message. In fact, nearly 40% of them say even (57) surviving breast cancer, they haven't made significant changes in the (58) they eat or how much they exercise.
"Not all survivors are taking advantage of this teachable moment and making positive health changes in (59) life. " says Electra Paskett, PhD, at Ohio State University's Comprehensive Cancer Center. Paskett says diet and exercise have been proven to not only help women feel better during and after treatment, they may (60) play a role in preventing some cancers from coming back. (61) growing evidence, some women just aren't listening.
"Colon cancer survivors (62) exercise have actually been shown to have improved survival rates. So, yes, it is true that perhaps by making some of these healthy choices we can actually increase their health. " says Paskett.
As a breast cancer survivor (63) , Paskett knows first hand how much difference diet and exercise can (64) . The challenge, she says, is to get more survivors to be more like Beth.
Experts say exercising more and eating a healthier diet can also cut (65) on stress and help women overcome depression. There are more than 2 million breast cancer survivors living in the U. S. of those, nearly a million have yet to change their diet or exercise routines.
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Cigars Instead
Smoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip, tongue, mouth, and throat, according to a government study.
Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus, and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx (voice box) six fold , say researchers at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland.
In addition, the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8 times the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers.
The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article "Cigars: Health Effects and Trends". The researchers report that, compared with a cigarette, a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines.
"This article provides clear and invalidating information about the disturbing increases in cigar use and the significant public health consequences for the country. " said Dr. Richard Riausner, director of the National Cancer Institute, in a statement.
"The data are clear—the harmful substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke, like cigarettes, are associated with the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases. " he added. "In other words, cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes and may be addictive. "
"To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars, our advice is—don't. Tothose currently smoking cigars, quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer, heart and lung disease risks. " warned Klausner.
According to a National Cancer Institute press releases , there haven't been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social events, but "'"a significant body of evidence clearly demonstrates an increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke. "
According to the report, smoking three or four cigars a day______.
Heat and Health
Extremely hot weather is common in many parts of the world. Although hot weather just makes most people hot, it can cause medical problems and death.
Health experts say that since the year 1900, extremely hot weather has killed more people in the United States than any other natural event. One year—the unusually hot summer of 1980—heat caused about 1,700 deaths in the United States. In 1995, more than 600 people died in a similar heat wave in one city—Chicago.
To measure extreme heat, government weather experts have developed the Mean Heat Index. It measures the average of how hot it is felt all day on an extremely hot day. Experts say it is the total heat of a hot day or several hot days that can affect health. Several hot days are considered a heat wave. Experts say heat waves often become deadly when the nighttime temperature does not drop much from the highest daytime temperature.
The most common medical problem caused by hot weather is heat stress. Usually, it also is the least severe. For most people, the only result of heat stress is muscle pain. The pain is a warning that the body is becoming too hot. Doctors say drinking water will help the pain disappear after the body again has the right amounts of water and salt. For some people, however, the result is much more serious.
For example, doctors say some people face a greatly increased danger from heat stress. These people have a weak or damaged heart, high blood pressure, or other problems of the blood system. Severe heat can help cause a heart attack or stroke. Health experts say this is the most common cause of death linked to hot weather.
How many people died from heat in Chicago in 19957
Oil and Economy
Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return？ Since OPEC agreed to supply cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $ 26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near,tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time？
The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.
Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.
Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consuhancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (inconstant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $ 22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies-to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.
One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist's commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%.
The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is______.
Which of the following statements best expresses the author's attitude about suicide among
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