题目内容
One of its main strategies that Pizza Hut still follows today is to______.
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SECTION B INTERVIEW
Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.
Now listen to the interview.
听力原文：Tom: Kelvin, could you tell me something about the bars？ I have never been to a bar. You see, Steve, my classmate has invited me to go to a bar tonight.
Kelvin: I see. You know, the word "bar" means a room in a pub. We say the bar when we mean the part of that room where drinks are kept. Soon after you go into the pub, you'll realize that nobody comes to the tables to take orders or money, instead, customers go to the bar to buy their drinks.
Tom: I see. People will go to the bar directly to get their drinks and don' t wait for someone to come to take their orders.
Kelvin: That's right. People don't queue at the bar, but they do wait tilt it's their turn.
Tom: Oh, how do I pay？ I mean do I pay directly after I get the drink or do I have to wait till I am ready to leave like I do in a restaurant？
Kelvin: It's not the custom to pay for all your drinks when you're ready to leave, instead you pay at the bar each time you get drinks. It helps if you're ready to pay as soon as you're served, and you'll notice that many people wait with their money in their hands.
Tom: I see. Do I have to give a tip'？
Kelvin: No. It's not the custom to give a tip. It's very common for friends to buy their drinks together in rounds. This means that each parson takes a turn to buy drinks for everybody in the group. It's faster and easier, both for you and for the person serving if drinks are bought in this way. Naturally you don't have to have a drink in each round if you don't want one.
Tom: That's interesting.
Kelvin: When you're looking for somewhere to sit, remember that people have to leave their seats to get drinks, etc., so an empty seat may not in fact be available to use. If you're not sure whether a seat is free, ask someone sitting near it. When it's time for another drink, people usually take their glasses beck to the bar to be filled again. If you're leaving, the friendly thing to do is to take your glasses back to the bar, thank the person who's been serving you, and say "goodbye" or "goodnight".
Tom: Thank you, Kelvin. This helps me a lot. By the way, what kind of drinks are available in pubs？
Kelvin: Well, you can get both alcoholic and non-alcoholic. Besides alcoholic drinks such as beer and wine, there is cider, which is made from apples, usually sold in bottles, pert--a type of thick, sweet wine from Portugal, sherry, which is a type of wine from Spain, and spirits these are a kind of strong alcoholic drinks such as whisky and brandy.
Tom: What about non-alcoholic？ I don't drink alcohol.
Kelvin: Well, they offer all kinds of fruit juices, such as orange and tomato. These drinks are usually sold in small bottles. And soft drinks, we often call sweet drinks, like Coke and Fanta. They are normally sold in small bottles or cans. And lemonade, which is a clear and sweet drink made with carbonated water. They also serve cordials.
Tom: What are cordials？
Kelvin: Cordials are strong and sweet drinks tasting of fruit, such as lime cordial, black-currant cordial. They are often added to other drinks or drunk with water.
Tom: I don't like sweet drinks. Are there any other non-alcoholic drinks？
Kelvin: Yes, mineral water, but it's not available in all pubs.
Tom: Kelvin, one more question. What is VAT？ I saw this on most goods in Britain？
Kelvin: Well, VAT stands for Value Added Tax. The price shown on most goods in Britain includes a tax of 15%. If you use the Retail Export Scheme this trax can be returned to you if you take the goods with you when you leave Britain. You may have to spend a certain sum of money before you qualify for the scheme, and
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Pizza Hut
Pizza Hut was started in 1958, by two brothers in Wichita, Kansas. Frank and Dan Carney had the idea to open a pizza parlor. They borrowed $ 600 from their mother, and opened the very first Pizza Hut. In 1959, the first franchise unit opened in Topeka, Kansas. Almost a decade later, Pizza Hut would be serving one million customers a week in its 310 locations. In 1970, Pizza Hut was put on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol PIZ.
In 1986, Pizza Hut introduced delivery service, something no other restaurant was doing. By the 1990s' Pizza Hut sales had reached $ 4 billion worldwide. In 1998, Pizza Hut celebrated its 40th anniversary, and launched its famous campaign "The Best Pizzas Under One Roof." In 1996, Pizza Hut sales in the United States were over $ 5 million. Out of all the existing pizza chains, Pizza Hut had the largest market share, 46.4%. However, Pizza Hut's market share has slowly eroded because of intense competition from their rivals Domino's, Little Caesar's and newcomer Papa John's. Home delivery was a driving force for success, especially for Pizza Hut and Domino's.
However, this forced competitors to look for new methods of increasing their customer bases. Many pizza chains decided to diversify and offer new non-pizza items such as buffalo wings, and Italian cheese bread. The current trend in pizza chains today is the same. They all try to come up with some newer, bigger, better pizza for a low price. Offering special promotions and new pizza variations are popular today as well. For example, chicken is now a common topping found on pizzas.
In the past, Pizza Hut has always had the first mover advantage. Their marketing strategy in the past has always been to be the first. One of their main strategies that they still follow today is the diversification of the products they offer. Pizza Hut is always adding something new to their menu, trying to reach new markets. For example, in 1992 the famous buffet was launched in Pizza Hut restaurants worldwide. They were trying to offer many different food items for customers who didn't necessarily want pizza.
Another strategy they used in the past and are still using is the diversification of their pizzas. Pizza Hut is always trying to come up with some innovative way to make a pizza into something slightly different—different enough that customers will think it's a whole new product. Look at some of the pizzas Pizza Hut has marketed in the past. In 1983, Pizza Hut introduced their Pan Pizza, which had a guarantee of being ready to eat in 5 minutes when dining at Pizza Hut restaurants. In 1993, they introduced the "BigFoot", which was two square feet of pizza cut into 21 slices. In 1995, they introduced "Stuffed Crust Pizza", where the crust would be filled with cheese. In 1997, they marketed "The Edge", which had cheese and toppings all the way to the edge of the pizza. Currently, they are marketing "The Big New Yorker," trying to bring the famous New York style. pizza to the whole country.
Another opportunity that Pizza Hut has is their new ordering online system. Anyone with Internet access can order whatever they wish and get it delivered to their house without even speaking to someone. This program has just been started, so we do not have any numbers to support whether or not it will be a success.
Lastly, Pizza Hut has always valued customer service and sati
Pizza Hut's market share has slowly become small because of ______since 1996.
Man, so the truism goes, lives increasingly in a man-made environment. This places a special burden on human immaturity, for it is plain that adapting to such variable conditions must depend very heavily on opportunities for learning, or whatever the processes are that are operative (luring immaturity. It must also mean that during immaturity man must master knowledge and skills that are either stored in the gene pool or learned by direct encounter, but which are contained in the culture pool-- knowledge about values and history, skills as varied as an obligatory natural language or an optional mathematical one, as mute as levers or as articulate as myth telling.
Yet, it would be a mistake to leap to the conclusion that because human immaturity makes possible high flexibility, therefore anything is possible for the species. Human traits were selected for their survival value over a four--to five-million-year period with a great acceleration of the selection process during the last half of that period. There were crucial, irreversible changes during that final man-making period: recession of formidable dentition, 50 percent increase in brain volume, the obstetrical paradox--bipedalism and strong pelvic girdle, larger brain through a smaller birth canal immature brain at birth, and creation of what Washburn has called a "technical-social way of life, involving tool and symbol use.
Note, however, that hominidization consisted principally of adaptations to conditions in the Pleistocene. These preadaptations, shaped in response to earlier habitat demands, are part of man's evolutionary inheritance. This is not to say that close beneath the skin of man is a naked ape, that civilization is only a veneer. The technical-social way of life is a deep feature of the species adaptation. But we would .err if we assumed a priori that man's inheritance placed no constraint on his power to adapt. Some of the preadaptations can be shown to be presently maladaptive. Man's inordinate fondness for fats and sweets no longer serves his individual survival well. And the human obsession with sexuality is plainly not fitted for survival of the species now, however well it might have served to population the upper Pliocene and the Pleistocene. Nevertheless, note that the species responds typically to these challenges by technical innovation rather than by morphological or behavioral change. Contraception dissociates sexuality from reproduction. We do not, of course, know what kinds and what range of stresses are produced by successive rounds of such technical innovation. Dissociating sexuality and reproduction, for example, surely produces changes in the structure of the family, which in turn redefine the role of women, which in turn alters the authority pattern affecting the child, etc. continuing and possible acceleration change seems inherent in such adaptation. And this, of course, places and enormous pressure on man's uses of immaturity, preparing the young for unforeseeable change--the more so if there are severe restraints imposed by human preadaptations to earlier conditions of life.
It can be inferred that the obstetrical paradox is puzzling because______.
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