Usually, there are two reasons to pursue scientific knowledge: for the
sake of the knowledge itself, and for the practical use of that knowledge.
Because this second aspect of science effects the lives of most people, 【M1】______
it is much more familiar than the first. Knowledge must be gained,
however, after it can be applied, and often the most important technological 【M2】______
advances arise from research pursued for its own sake.
Traditionally, new technology has concerned with the construction 【M3】______
of machines, structures, and tools in a relatively large scale. The 【M4】______
development of materials for building bridges, skyscrapers or highways
is an example of this, as it is the development of the internal-combustion 【M5】______
engine and the nuclear reactor. While such activities involve all sections
of the sciences, the overriding goal has been the same, that is, improve 【M6】______
the human condition by finding good ways to deal with the macroscopic 【M7】______
world.
Since World War IL the focus of technological activity underwent
a major change. While the old activities are still pursued, they have been
largely superseded by applications of technology at the microscopic level.
Instead of building large-scale structures and machines, modern-day
technology tends to concentrate on finding improving ways to transfer 【M8】______
information and to develop new materials by studying the way atoms come
together. The silicon chip and microelectronics typify this new technological
tread, as did the blossoming of genetic engineering. The trend can be 【M9】______
expected to continue for the foreseeable decades. 【M10】______
【M1】
Animation means making things which are lifeless come live and 【S1】______ .
move. Since earliest times, people have always been fascinated by
movement. And not until this century have we managed to capture 【S2】______ .
movement, to record it, and in the case of animation, to reinterpret it 【S3】______ .
and recreate it. To do all this, we use a movie camera and a projector. In
the world of cartoon animation, everything is impossible. You can 【S4】______ .
make the characters you create do exactly that you want them to do. 【S5】______ .
A famous early cartoon character was Felix the Cat, created Pat 【S6】______ .
Sullivan in America in the early nineteen twenties. Felix was a
marvelous cat. He could do all sorts of things no natural cat can do as 【S7】______ .
taking off his tail, using it as a handle and then putting it back. The
famous Walt Disney cartoon characteristics came to life after 1928. 【S8】______ .
Popeye the Sailorman and his girl friend Olive Oyl were born at the
Max Fleischer studios in 1933. But to be an animator, you don't have
to be a professional. It is possible for anyone to make a simple
animated film with using a camera at all. All that you have to do is to 【S9】______ .
draw directly on to blank film and then running the film through a 【S10】______ .
projector.
【S1】