Nematodes are currently treated with toxic chemicals such as __________, which do not enter the food chain, but are expensive to apply and can make soil sterile, killing other living organisms within it.
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GMO proponents note that because of the safety testing requirements, the risk of introducing a plant variety with a new _________ or toxin is much smaller than from traditional breeding processes, which do not require allergen tests.
GM crops interact directly with organisms that feed on the crops and indirectly with other organisms in the ___________.
Crop genetic diversity might decrease due to the development of superior GM strains that crowd others out of the market. The actual effect on biodiversity is _____________.
Introduced traits in GM crops potentially can cross into neighboring plants of the same or closely related species through three different types of gene flow: crop-to-crop, crop-to-weedy, and ________________.