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Problems of College Students
Today&39;s college students are more narcissistic (自恋的 ) and self-centered than their predecessors, according to a comprehensive new study by five psychologists who worry that the trend could be harmful to personal relationships and American society.
"We need to stop endlessly repeating &39;You&39;re special&39; and having children repeat that back, " said the study&39;s lead author, Professor Jean Twenge of San Diego State University. "Kids are self-centered enough already." "Unfortunately, narcissism can also have very negative consequences for society, including the breakdown of close relationships with others, " he said. The study asserts that narcissists "are more likely to have romantic relationships that are short-lived, at risk for infidelity, lack emotional warmth, and to exhibit game-playing, dishonesty, and over-controlling and violent behaviors." Twenge, the author of "Generation Me : Why Today&39;s Young Americans Are More Confident, Assertive, Entitled--and More Miserable Than Ever Before" , said narcissists tend to lack empathy, react aggressively to criticism and favor self-promotion over helping others.
Some analysts have commended today&39;s young people for increased commitment to volunteer work. But Twenge viewed even this phenomenon skeptically, noting that many high schools require community service and many youths feel pressure to list such endeavors on college applications.
Campbell said the narcissism upsurge seemed so pronounced (非常明显的 ) that he was unsure if there were obvious remedies. "Permissiveness seems to be a component, " he said. "A potential antidote would be more authoritative parenting. Less indulgence might be called for."
Yet students, while acknowledging some legitimacy to such findings, don&39;t necessarily accept negative generalizations about their generation.
Hanady Kader, a University of Washington senior, said she worked unpaid last summer helping resettle refugees and considers many of her peers to be civic-minded. But she is dismayed (气馁; 灰心) by the competitiveness of some students who seem prematurely focused on career status. "We&39;re encouraged a lot to be individuals and go out there and do what you want, and nobody should stand in your way, " Kader said. "I can see goals and ambitions getting in the way of other things like relationships."
Kari Dalane, a University of Vermont sophomore, says most of her contemporaries are politically active and not overly self-centered. "People are worried about themselves--but in the sense of where they&39;re going to find a place in the world, " she said. "People want to look their best, have a good time, but it doesn&39;t mean they&39;re not concerned about the rest of the world."
Besides, some of the responses on the narcissism test might not be worrisome, Dalane said. "It would be more depressing if people answered, &39;No, I&39;m not special.&39;"
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Electromagnetic Energy
1. White light seems to be a combination of all colors. The energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see. Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light. On a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool. Visible light and the kind of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy.
2. The sun is 93 million miles from the earth. Yet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through space.
3. Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy. Radio, television, and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves. Infrared (红外线的 ) radiation is an electromagnetic wave. When it is absorbed by matter, heat is produced. Waves of infrared and visible light have more energy than waves of radio, television, or radar. Ultraviolet rays (紫外线 ) and X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy. Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings. Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living. Ultraviolet radiation is useful in killing certain disease organisms. X-rays and gamma rays have so mush energy that they travel right through solid objects. They can be used to detect and treat cancer. X-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal, and in medicine to reveal broken bones.
4. Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy. The source of most of our energy is the sun. Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate. When the water falls to the earth as rain, some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators. Other generators are powered by coal, but the energy stored in coal came from the sun, too.
5. Until recently, the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle. If the sun depended on chemical reactions, it would have used up all its energy long ago. Experiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy. About forty years after the theory was proposed, nuclear energy was harnessed (利用 ) by man. Chemical energy comes from electron (电子 ) rearrangement. Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom. Compared with chemical reactions, nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel. We now believe that the sun&39;s energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium (氦 ) .
6. Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power to generate electricity. It is also being used to operate engines in large ships. Scientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy.
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