题目内容

观察者对观察结果和知觉加以歪曲，使其满足自己的预期的倾向称为______。

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越是使用空泛、笼统的语言描述他人的情况，就越能使其觉得这些描述是准确的现象称为______效应。

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The following is a list of sentences which forms an introduction section. Read each of them carefully and rearrange them in logic order of the introduction.（将序列号大写字母填入相应的空格）A. Biostatisticians routinely work closely with physicians and scientists in many branches of medical research and have unique insight into data.B.However, the clandestine character and consequential lack of reliable information make it difficult to study scientific fraud. The characteristics and frequency of scientific fraud, therefore, are generally unknown, and its impact on medical research is unclear.C. In addition, they have the methodological competence to detect fraud and could be expected to have a special professional interest in the validity of results.D.The objective of this study was to assess the characteristics of fraud in medical research by surveying members of the International Society of Clinical Biostatisticians .E.Biostatisticians therefore could provide unique and reliable information on the characteristics of fraud in medical research.F.During the 1990s scientific fraud was disclosed on numerous occasions. In fact, it was recently suggested that fraud now is "endemic in many scientific disciplines and in most countries".G. The public awareness of scientific fraud has increased remarkably since the late 1980s when a controversy made front-page news, in which a paper investigated for fraud had as coauthor a Nobel laureate.