Retroviruses encode an enzyme called reverse transcriptase. The function of the reverse transcriptase enzyme is
A. DNase activity
B. RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity
C. DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity
D. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity
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A virus that causes human cancer is also associated with a nervous system disorder called tropical spastic paraparesis. That virus is
A. Polyomavirus JC
B. Polyomavirus SV40
C. Herpes simplex virus
D. Human T-lymphotropic virus
A 42-year-old man is known to have HIV/AIDS. Which of the following is the most appropriate method to follow the progress of his highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)?
A. Determination of viral load
B. Following anti-HIV-1 antibody levels
C. Using Western blot to assess his anti-p24 levels
D. Repeated culture of his blood for HIV-1 to determine when the culture becomes negative
A 36-year-old nurse suffered a needle stick with blood from an HIV-positive patient. Six months later, the nurse’s serum was positive in an EIA test, gave equivocal results in a repeat EIA test, and was negative by Western blot. The nurse
A. Is probably infected with HIV
B. Is in the window between acute infection with HIV and seroconversion
C. Is probably not infected with HIV
D. May be infected with a drug-resistant strain of HIV
E. May be a long-term nonprogressor
A 41-year-old HIV-infected male who had refused antiretroviral therapy is diagnosed with Pneumocystis jiroveci (耶氏肺孢子菌) infection. This patient
A. Probably has a CD4 T-cell count below 200 cells/μL
B. Is at elevated risk for lung cancer
C. Is not longer a candidate for HAART
D. Probably has declining levels of plasma viremia
E. Is unlikely to develop dementia at this stage
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