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在某次综合性学术年会上，物理学会作学术报告的人都来自高校；化学学会作学术报告的人有些来自高校，但是大部分来自中学；其他作学术报告者均来自科学院。来自高校的学术报告者都具有副教授以上的职称，来自中学的学术报告者都具有中教高级以上职称。李默、张嘉参加了这次综合性学术年会，李默并非来自中学，张嘉并非来自高校。以上陈述如果为真。可以得出以下哪项结论
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概念A与概念B之间有交叉关系，当且仅当：(1)存在对象X，X既属于A又属于B。(2)存在对象Y，Y属于A但不属于B。(3)存在对象Z，属于B但不属于A。根据上述定义，以下哪项中划线的两个概念之间有交叉关系
大多数人都熟悉安徒生童话《皇帝的新衣》，故事中有两个裁缝告诉皇帝，他们缝制出的衣服有一种奇异的功能：凡是不称职的人或者愚蠢的人都看不见这衣服。以下各项陈述都可以从裁缝的断言中逻辑地推出，除了：
The human ear contains the organ for hearing and the organ for balance. Both organs involve fluid-filled channels containing hair cells that produce electrochemical impulses when the hairs are stimulated by moving fluid. The ear can be divided into three regions: outer, middle, and inner. The outer ear collects sound waves and directs them to the eardrum separating the outer ear from the middle ear. The middle ear conducts sound vibrations through three small bones to the inner ear. The inner ear is a network of channels containing fluid that moves in response to sound or movement. To perform the function of hearing, the ear converts the energy of pressure waves moving through the air into nerve impulses that me brain perceives as sound. Vibrating objects, such as the vocal cords of a speaking person, create waves in me surrounding air. These waves cause the eardrum to vibrate with the same frequency. The three bones of the middle ear amplify and transmit the vibrations to the oval window, a membrane on the surface of the cochlea, the organ of hearing. Vibrations of me oval window produce pressure waves in the fluid inside me cochlea. Hair cells in the cochlea convert the energy of the vibrating fluid into impulses that travel along the auditory nerve to the brain. The organ for balance is also located in the inner ear. Sensations related to body position are generated much like sensations of sound. Hair cells in the inner ear respond to changes in head position with respect to gravity and movement. Gravity is always pulling down on the hairs, sending a constant series of impulses to the brain. When the position of the head changes—as when the head bends forward—the force on the hair cells changes its output of nerve impulses. The brain then interprets these changes to determine the head’s new position. Hearing involves all of the following EXCEPT______.
阅读下列关于实践标准的材料：材料1言必有三表。……有本之者，有原之者，有用之者。于何本之上本之于古者圣王之事。于何原之下原察百姓耳目之实。于何用之发以为刑政，观其中国家百姓人民之利。摘自墨翟《非命上》材料2所有概念、学说、系统，不管它们怎样精致，怎样坚实，必须视为假设……它们是工具，和一切工具同样，它的价值不在于它们本身，而在于它们所能造就的结果中显现出来的功效。……既然工具既不是真的，也不是假的，因此真假均不是判断的特性。工具往往是有效或无效的，适当的或不适当的，经济的或浪费的。摘自杜威《哲学的改造》及《逻辑：探索的理论》材料3人的思维是否具有客观真理性，这并不是一个理论的问题，而是一个实践的问题。人应该在实践中证明自己思维的真理性，即自己思维的现实性和力量，亦即自己思维的此岸性。摘自马克思《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》材料4实践标准实质上不能完全地证实或驳倒人类的任何表象。这个标准也是这样的“不确定”，以便不至于使人的知识变成“绝对”，同时它又是这样的确定，以便同唯心主义和不可知论的一切变种进行无情的斗争。摘自列宁《唯物主义和经验批判主义》请回答：①试根据所学原理对材料2中的观点加以评析。②比较材料1、2和3，指出它们在真理的检验标准问题上的区别与联系。③分析材料3，阐明人的思维是否具有客观真理性，为什么“并不是一个理论的问题，而是一个实践的问题”。④分析材料4，解释实践标准确定性与不确定性的原因。
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