题目内容
Cement Co is a company specialising in the manufacture of cement, a product used in the building industry. The company has found that when weather conditions are good, the demand for cement increases since more building work is able to take place. Last year, the weather was so good, and the demand for cement was so great, that Cement Co was unable to meet demand. Cement Co is now trying to work out the level of cement production for the coming year in order to maximise profits. The company doesn’t want to miss out on the opportunity to earn large profits by running out of cement again. However, it doesn’t want to be left with large quantities of the product unsold at the end of the year, since it deteriorates quickly and then has to be disposed of. The company has received the following estimates about the probable weather conditions and corresponding demand levels for the coming year:
Each bag of cement sells for $9 and costs $4 to make. If cement is unsold at the end of the year, it has to be disposed of at a cost of $0·50 per bag.
Cement Co has decided to produce at one of the three levels of production to match forecast demand. It now has to decide which level of cement production to select.
Required:
(a) Construct a pay off table to show all the possible profit outcomes. (8 marks)
(b) Decide the level of cement production the company should choose, based on the following decision rules:
(i) Maximin (1 mark)
(ii) Maximax (1 mark)
(iii) Expected value (4 marks)
You must justify your decision under each rule, showing all necessary calculations.
(c) Describe the ‘maximin’ and ‘expected value’ decision rules, explaining when they might be used and the attitudes of the decision makers who might use them. (6 marks)
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Heat Co specialises in the production of a range of air conditioning appliances for industrial premises. It is about to launch a new product, the ‘Energy Buster’, a unique air conditioning unit which is capable of providing unprecedented levels of air conditioning using a minimal amount of electricity. The technology used in the Energy Buster is unique so Heat Co has patented it so that no competitors can enter the market for two years. The company’s development costs have been high and it is expected that the product will only have a five-year life cycle.
Heat Co is now trying to ascertain the best pricing policy that they should adopt for the Energy Buster’s launch onto the market. Demand is very responsive to price changes and research has established that, for every $15 increase in price, demand would be expected to fall by 1,000 units. If the company set the price at $735, only 1,000 units would be demanded.
The costs of producing each air conditioning unit are as follows:
Note
The first air conditioning unit took 1·5 hours to make and labour cost $8 per hour. A 95% learning curve exists, in relation to production of the unit, although the learning curve is expected to finish after making 100 units. Heat Co’s management have said that any pricing decisions about the Energy Buster should be based on the time it takes to make the 100th unit of the product. You have been told that the learning co-efficient, b = –0·0740005.
All other costs are expected to remain the same up to the maximum demand levels.
Required:
(a) (i) Establish the demand function (equation) for air conditioning units; (3 marks)
(ii) Calculate the marginal cost for each air conditioning unit after adjusting the labour cost as required by the note above; (6 marks)
(iii) Equate marginal cost and marginal revenue in order to calculate the optimum price and quantity. (3 marks)
(b) Explain what is meant by a ‘penetration pricing’ strategy and a ‘market skimming’ strategy and discuss whether either strategy might be suitable for Heat Co when launching the Energy Buster. (8 marks)
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Due to the failure to settle the debts due, Jianshe Garment Trading Co Ltd (Jianshe Co) was declared bankrupt by its creditors. In October 2010 the court rendered an order to accept the application of bankruptcy and designated a bankruptcy administrator. During the process of bankruptcy liquidation the bankruptcy administrator found that Jianshe Co had given up a credit of RMB 200,000 yuan owed by its affiliate enterprise in August 2009.
The bankruptcy administrator also found that some shareholders of Jianshe Co failed to made full capital contributions as prescribed in the agreement of incorporation.
Required:
Answer the following questions in accordance with the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of China, and give your reasons for your answer:
(a) (i) State whether the action of giving up credit can be revoked during the process of liquidation; (4 marks)
(ii) State whether the court should grant an order to revoke the act of giving up credit. (3 marks)
(b) State how to deal with the matter of the lack of full capital contributions by some of the shareholders of Jianshe Co. (3 marks)
In October 2008 Ronger Properties Joint Stock Co successfully issued corporate bonds of RMB 12 million yuan for three years. By the end of 2010 the net assets of Ronger Properties Joint Stock Co were RMB 80 million yuan. During the past two years it has been able to repay the interests due for the corporate bonds.
In order to expand its business, the board of directors of Ronger Properties Joint Stock Co adopted a resolution intending to issue another set of corporate bonds to the public investors.
Required:
Answer the following questions in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Securities Law of China, and give your reasons for your answer:
(a) State the maximum amount of corporate bonds Ronger Properties Joint Stock Co could issue for the proposed issuance. (5 marks)
(b) State whether the proposed issuance of corporate bonds should be underwritten by an underwriting syndicate. (4 marks)
(c) State the statutory period of underwriting for the proposed issuance. (1 mark)
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