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Women are more than twice as likely as men to suffer from depression.
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Toothpaste is a substance【C1】______for the cleaning and polishing the surface of the teeth. Its primary function is【C2】______tooth decay. It is only as a by-product of cleaning teeth【C3】______toothpaste bas become a cosmetic.
Toothpaste【C4】______belongs to a group of dental hygiene products【C5】______as dentifrices. These【C6】______toothpaste, tooth powder, and various bacteria removing mouthwashes.
Historically, toothpaste is as【C7】______as the first toothache and human beings’first perception that teeth were【C8】______of their attractiveness to the opposite sex. Long【C9】______the invention of the toothbrush, ancient Greeks and Romans scrubbed their teeth with bits of cloth coated with the burnt heads of mice, moles and rabbits in the【C10】______that contact with these strong toothed animals【C11】______make human teeth firm. If these materials【C12】______revolting and dangerous, it is worth thinking【C13】______some other substances that have been used in toothpaste in the past 20 years. After the【C14】______of the toothbrush, it was common to【C15】______toothpaste containing chloroform(a flavoring【C16】______can cause cancer), and lead, which actually poisoned the toothpaste.
It was not【C17】______the late nineteenth century that teeth cleaning was【C18】______as a vital part of dental health. In 1896, Leon Williams argued that tooth decay was the【C19】______of acid and bacteria, and created the【C20】______"A clean tooth never decays". Although not strictly correct, he did create an environment ill: which dental prevention became the norm.
【C1】
记忆过程包括（）。
•Read the letter below from an agency providing temporary staff for companies.
•Choose the correct word A, B, C or D from below the passage to lib each gap.
•For each question (19-33), mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.
Dear Client,
Future Offices is advising businesses to plan as far ahead as possible to ensure guaranteed staff cover during holiday periods. There is now a (19) shortage of skilled secretarial and administrative stall' and this is (20) to get worse over the next twelve months.
Businesses which require staff with experience of specialist computer applications are the most at (21) . You are advised to (22) our agency well before the staff are actually needed to be certain of filling gaps with adequately (23) personnel. If you don't, it's almost (24) that you will be left without the skills needed to (25) your office running smoothly.
Tile (26) for the shortage of secretarial staff appears to be a combination of two (27) . There has been an (28) in demand for secretarial services over the last few years, and at the same time there has been a (29) of students deciding to choose secretarial studies.
Office Angels Agency would (30) to emphasize that business should not underestimate the difficulty of (31) experienced temporary staff. It is also necessary to make the (32) that businesses should be prepared for the tact that they may have to pay mere for this kind of (33) in the future.
(19)
Dieting
Dieting is one of those things that is completely integrated into American culture. On any given day, a huge portion of the U.S. population is "on a diet" and "counting calories" in one way or another.
Your Body's Efficiency
Have you ever wondered why, for so many people, weight gain seems to be a fact of life？ It's because the human body is way too efficient! It just does not take that much energy to maintain the human body at rest; and when exercising, the human body is amazingly frugal when it comes to turning food into motion.
At rest, the human body burns only about 12 calories per pound of body weight per day(26 calories per kilogram). That means that if you weigh 150 pounds(68 kg), your body uses only about:
150 X 12 = 1,800 calories per day
Twelve calories per pound per day is a rough estimate.
Those 1,800 calories are used to do everything you need to stay alive:
They keep your heart beating and lungs breathing.
They keep your internal organs operating properly.
They keep your brain running.
They keep your body warm.
In motion, the human body also uses energy very efficiently. For example, a person running a marathon(26 miles or 42 km)burns only about 2,60Ocalories. In other words, you burn only about 100 calories per mile(about 62 calories per km)when you are running.
Taking Calories In
The 1,800 calories that a typical person at rest needs per day is just not that many. Convenient food often takes the lead in our daily diets. In a typical day someone might consume some thing like this:
You might have two Pop-Tarts(r)for breakfast,
then hit Pizza Hut for lunch,
grab some Snack Well's and a cola for a snack,
head for McDonald's for dinner
and top it off with some potato chips while watching TV.
You can see how the number of calories coming in can easily reach 3,000, 4,000 or 5,000 per day without any effort at all. That's the problem.
Your body, it turns out, is extremely efficient at capturing and storing excess calories. Whenever your body finds that it has excess calories on hand, it converts them to fat and saves them for a rainy day. It only takes 3,500 excess calories to create 1 pound of new fat on your body.
The Idea Behind Dieting
To lose I pound of fat, what you have to do is burn off 3,500 calories. That is, over a period of time, you have to consume 3,500 calories less than your body needs. There are several ways you can Create that deficit. If you assume that you weigh 150 pounds and that your body at rest needs 1,800 calories per day(150 ~ 12 = 1,800)to live.
The only way to lose fat is to consume fewer calories per day than your body needs. For every 3,500 calories that your body takes from its fat reserves, you lose i pound(0.45 kg)of body fat. You can create the deficit either by monitoring and restricting your intake of calories, or by exercising, or both.
The idea behind most diet is simply to help you somehow lower the number of calories that you consume each day. That's all they do.
Why Diets Tend Not to Work
The reason why most diets tend not to work for very long is because they are not sustain able. A person gains weight because he or she consumes more calories per day than needed. The diet creates a temporary deficit. When the diet ends, the person goes back to normal eating and the weight comes back. What is needed instead is a sustainable diet m a food consumption and exercise plan -- that lets you live a normal life and eat normal foods in a normal way.
Building a Sustainable Diet
Building a. sustainable diet and exercise plan is the key to maintaining a consistent weight. This is not easy for many people. As descr
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