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长距离输电线路钢塔架(铁塔)基础施工测量中，当采用钢尺量距时，其丈量长度不宜大于()m，同时，不宜小于20m。
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听力原文：W: Michael, do you go out to work？
M: (23) Not regularly. I used to have a job in a publishing company, but I decided it wasn't really what I wanted to do and what I wanted to do wouldn't earn me much money, so I gave up working, and luckily I had a private income from my family to support me and now I do the things I want to do. Some of them get paid like lecturing and teaching, and others don't.
W: What are the advantages of not having to go to work from nine till five？
M: (24) There're two advantages really. One is that if you feel tired you don't have to get up, and the other is that you can spend your time doing things you want to do rather than being forced to do the same thing all the time.
W: But surely that's in a sense very self-indulgent and very lucky because most of us have to go out and earn our livings. Do you feel justified in having this privileged position？
M: Yes. (25)I do things which I think are useful to people and the community and which I enjoy doing.
W: Does your wife think that in order to lead a balanced life, people need some form. of work？
M: Yes, she does. She thinks it's equally important that their attitude towards work should be positive and whatever work one is actually doing can become creative. Even when she cooks a meal, she thinks she is creating, in her own way, something which is very necessary to our family.
(20)
听力原文：M: I've been practicing that song all week, but I'm still afraid of standing in front of such a large audience.
W: Just act as if they are all your friends and you'll be fine.
Q: What does the woman suggest the man to do？
(18)
听力原文：M: Are we going to have a physical test this afternoon？ I've prepared for it since last week.
W: It is put off because the teacher has to take part in the physical labor.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation？
(17)
The Art of Public Speaking
If you were to tape-record one of David Letterman's comedy routines, memorize it word for word, and stand up before your friends to recite it, would you get the same response Letterman does？ Not very likely. And why not？ Because you would not deliver the jokes as Letterman does. Of course, the jokes are basically funny. But David Letterman bring something extra to the jokes—his manner of presentation, his vocal inflections, his perfectly timed pauses, his facial expressions, his gestures. All these are part of an expert delivery.
No one expects your speech class to transform. you into a multimillion-dollar talk show host. Still, this example demonstrates how important delivery can be to any public speaking situation. Even a common speech will be more effective if it is presented well, whereas a wonderfully written speech can be ruined by poor delivery.
This does not mean dazzling delivery will turn a mindless string of nonsense into a triumphant oration. You cannot make a good speech without having something to say. But having something to say is not enough. You must also know how to say it.
What Is Good Delivery？
Good delivery does not call attention to itself. It conveys the speaker's ideas clearly, interestingly, and without distracting the audience. If you mumble (含糊的说) your words, gaze out the window, or talk in a dull tone, you will not get your message across. Nor will you be effective if you show off, strike a dramatic pose, or shout in ringing tones. Most audiences prefer delivery that combines a certain degree of formality with the best attributes of good conversation—directness, facial expressiveness, and a lively sense of communication.
Speech delivery is an art, not a science. What works for one speaker may fail for another. And what succeeds with today's audience may not with tomorrow's. You cannot become a skilled speaker just by following a set of rules in a textbook. In the long run, there is no substitute for experience. But take heart! A textbook can give you basic pointers to get you started in the right direction.
Methods of Delivery
There are four basic methods of delivering a speech:
(1) reading from a manuscript
Certain speeches must be delivered word for word, according to a well-prepared manuscript. Examples include an engineer's report to a professional meeting, or a president's message to Congress. Absolute accuracy is essential. Every word of the speech will be analyzed by the press, by colleagues, perhaps by enemies. Timing may also be a factor in manuscript. speeches. Much of today's political campaigning is done on radio and television. If the candidate buys a one-minute spot and pays a great deal of money for it, that one minute of speech must be just right.
(2) reciting a memorized text
Among the feats of the legendary orators, none leaves us more in awe than their practice of presenting even the longest and most complex speeches entirely from memory. Nowadays it is no longer customary to memorize any but the shortest of speeches—toasts, introductions, and the like. If you are giving a speech of this kind and want to memorize it, by all means do so. However, be sure to memorize it so thoroughly that you will be able to concentrate on communicating with the audience, not on trying to remember the words. Speakers who gaze at the ceiling or stare out the window trying to recall what they have memorized are no better off than those who read dully from a manuscript.
(3) speaking impromptu (即兴的)
An impromptu speech is delivered with little or no immediate preparation. Few people choose to speak impromptu, but sometimes it cannot be avoided. In fact, many of the speeches you give in life will be impromptu. You might be called on suddenly to "say a few words" or, in th
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