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一、根据下列资料。回答81～85题。
世界报业协会在2003年度总报告中说，在全球报业表现低迷的形势下，中国报业发行量却增长了8．5％，从1997年到2002年5年问累计增长30．3％。
根据世界报业协会2003年6月13日发表的全球日报发行量排行榜，中国有3份报纸进入前20名：《参考消息》以日发行量270万份排在第9名，《人民日报》以日发行量186万份排在第18名，《羊城晚报》以日发行量150万份排在第20名。中国已成为世界最大的报纸消费国，Et销量达8200万份，仅次于中国的是日本，日销量是7080万份。
按照日销量8200万份、13亿人口计算，中国平均每千人拥有日报数量为63份，比1999年增长了7份，但数量仍然偏少。日本平均每千人拥有日报的数量为545份，美国平均每千人拥有日报的数量为198份。据联合国教科文组织公布的数据显示，早在1996年，世界平均每千人拥有日报的数量就已经达到96份，发展中国家平均每千人拥有日报的数量为60份，发达国家平均每千人拥有日报的数量为226份。l999年，按平均每千人拥有日报的数量排名，挪威第一，每千人583份。
美国是报业最发达的国家，根据E＆P提供的数据，美国拥有日报l468种(2001年的数据)，非日报7689种(2000年的数据)。人口远多于美国的中国报纸数量应该相应多于美国。美国的报业发达是建立在经济高度发达基础上的，因此目前两国还不具有可比性，但这至少说明2002年2137种报纸的数量远非中国报业规模的极限。
然而，目前中国城乡人口比例悬殊，人口总体教育水平较低，人民生活水平及全国经济水平都处于较低阶段，对报纸的需求必然只能保持在一个有限的水平上。目前的总体状况是：就数量而言，乡村人口报纸拥有量极度稀少，而城市人口拥有量相对饱和；就质量而言，前几年报业成长主要都是规模扩张、数量膨胀，在质量方面提高很小，优秀报纸的种数远未能满足读者的需求。因此，中国报业距离成熟尚需时日，还要允许有大量新产品进入市场。
1992～2002年，全国报纸广告ll年来以平均约32％的增长率迅速发展(见下表)。报纸广告的快速增长、占广告总市场超过20％的份额以及不断增长的占GDP的比重，说明报纸作为主流媒体的位置仍将持续相当长的一个时期。报纸广告业必将随着总体广告市场的扩张而同步扩张。
1992～2002年我国报纸年度广告总收入及增长率
得到了快速发展。据慧聪国际媒体研究中心统计的数据，2001年都市类报纸的广告刊登额达到205．92亿元，占全部报纸广告刊登额的66．18％，比2000年增长了l5．72％，在各类报纸中增长率最高，市场占有率提高了将近6个百分点。2002年1～10月，综合都市报广告规模达到233.54亿元人民币，与2001年同期相比增长40．08％，占据了68．20％的报纸广告市场份额(见下图)。
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Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
第19题：
All the students in this class passed the English exam ________ the exception of Li
Few would argue with Ford’s statement. A brief glimpse at a daily newspaper vividly shows how much people in the United States think about business. For example, nearly every newspaper has a business section, in which the deals and projects, finances and management, stock prices and labor problems of corporations are reported daily. In addition, business news can appear in every other section. Most national news has an important financial aspect to it. Welfare, foreign aid, the federal budget, and the policies of the Federal Reserve Bank are all heavily affected by business. Moreover, business news appears in some of the unlikeliest places. The world of arts and entertainment is often referred to as “the entertainment industry” or “show business.”
The positive side of Henry Ford’s statement can be seen in the prosperity that business has brought to U.S. life. One of the most important reasons so many people from all over the world come to live in the United States is the dream of a better job. Jobs are produced in abundance （大量地） because the U.S. economic system is driven by competition. People believe that this system crates more wealth, more jobs, and a materially better way of life.
The negative side of Henry Ford’s statement, however, can be seen when the word business is taken to mean big business. And the term big business—referring to the biggest companies, is seen in opposition to labor. Throughout U.S. history working people have had to fight hard for higher wages, better working conditions, and the fight to form. unions. Today, many of the old labor disputes are over, but there is still some employee anxiety. Downsizing—the laying off of thousands of workers to keep expenses low and profits high—creates feelings of insecurity for many.
第26题：The United States is a typical country ________.
Passage Two:Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.The picnics, speeches, and parades of today’s Labor Day were all part of the first celebration, held in New York City in 1882. Its promoter was an Irish-American labor leader named peter J. McGuire. A carpenter by trade, McGuire had worked since the age of eleven, and in 1882 was president of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners (UBCJ). Approaching the City’s Central Labor Union that summer, he proposed a holiday that would applaud (赞许)“the industrial spirit-the great vital force of every nation,” On September 5 his suggestion bore fruit, as an estimated 10,000 workers, many of them ignoring their bosses’ warnings, left work to march from Union square up Fifth Avenue to 42nd Street. The event gained national attention, and by 1893 thirty states had made Labor Day an annual holiday.
The quick adoption of the scheme may have indicated less about the state lawmakers’ respect for working people than about a fear of risking their anger. In the 1880s the United States was a land sharply divided between the immensely wealthy and the very poor. Henry George was accurate in describing the era as one of “progress and poverty.” In a society in which factory, owners rode in private Pullmans while ten-year-olds slaved in the mines, strong anti-capitalist feeling ran high. Demands for fundamental change were common throughout the labor press. With socialists demanding an end to “wage slavery” and anarchists (无政府主义) singing the praises of the virtues of dynamite (炸药), middle-of-the-roaders like Samuel Gompers and McGuire seemed attractively mild by comparison. One can imagine practical capitalists seeing Labor Day as a bargain: A one-day party certainly cost them less than paying their workers decent wages.
第56题：Judging from the passage, McGuire was ________.
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