题目内容
It is useless for a manual worker to possess the ability to express ideas clearly.
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To an employee, organizing and expressing ideas in writing and speaking are needed because
听力原文：W: What's the problem？
M: I can't figure out how to put the page numbers on. I've done everything and they aren't showing up.
W: Let's see. Did you press Shift F8？
M: Yes, I did that. Then I hit P for page and N for number.
W: That's good. Did you type in the page number where you want the numbering to start？
M: Yes. I typed the number 1.
W: Right. Did you press Enter？
M: Yes.
W: How about F7 to return to the document？
M: I did that. But no numbers showed up on the screen.
W: Unhuh. Did you print it？
M: No, I don't want to print it until I see the numbers.
W: Well, that's the problem then. The numbers don't show up on the screen. But they will be on the printed copy. Let's try that.
M: Okay. You do it this time, and I'll watch.
W: Well, I'll do it as you want, but it would be better if you let me talk you through it.
M: I don't know.
W: Really. Once you've done it with someone coaching you, it's easier to do it on your own. Don't worry. This is my job.
M: Oh, all fight, Shift F8.
W: Now hit P for page and N for number.
M: And the page number I want to start with which is number 1.
W: Great! Just press Enter, then F7 to return to the document, and you're all set to print. Then you'll see those numbers.
(23)
How to Be an Employee
Most of you graduating today will be employees all your working life, working for somebody else and for a paycheck. And so will most, if net all, of the thousands of other young Americans graduating this year in all the other schools and colleges across the country.
Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every five Americans at work was employed, i.e., worked for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employed but working for himself. And whereas fifty years ago "being employed" meant working as a factory laborer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills. Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these last fifty years: the middle and upper classes have become employees, and middle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest growing groups in our working population—growing so fast that the industrial worker, that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.
This is one of the most profound social changes any country has ever undergone. It is, however, a perhaps even greater change for the individual young man about to start. Whatever he does, in all likelihood he will do it as an employee; wherever he aims, he will have to try to reach it through being an employee.
Yet you will find little if there is anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can also find a good deal of advice on work in a chosen field, whether it be metallurgy(冶金学) or salesmanship, the machinist's trade or bookkeeping. Every one of these trades requires different skills, sets different standards, and requires a different preparation. Yet they all have employeeship in common. And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical competence or professional knowledge.
Being an employee is thus the one common characteristic of most careers today. The special profession or skill is visible and clearly defined, and a well-laid-out sequence of courses, degrees, and jobs leads into it. But being an employee is the foundation. And it is much more difficult to prepare for it. Yet there is no recorded information on the art of being an employee.
The first question we might ask is: what can you learn in college that will help you in being an employee？ The schools teach a great many things of value to the future accountant, the future doctor, or the future electrician. Do they also teach anything of value to the future employee？ The answer is: "Yes—they teach the one thing that is perhaps most valuable for the future employee to know. But very few students bother to learn it."
This one basic skill is the ability to organize and express ideas in writing and in speaking.
As an employee you work with and through other people. This means that your success as an employee will depend on your ability to communicate with people and to present your own thoughts and ideas to them so they will both understand what you are driving at and be persuaded. The letter, the report or memorandum, the ten-minute spoken "presentation" to a committee are basic tools of the employee.
Section A
Directions: This section is to test your ability to understand short dialogues. There are 5 recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there is a recorded question. The dialogues and the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices A , B, C, and D.
听力原文：W: My son has got a pain in his ear for days.
M: Let's have a look. Ah yes, he has got something in his ear. I'll have to take.
W: Where does the conversation most probably take place？
(1)
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