题目内容
SECTION B INTERVIEW
Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.
Now listen to the interview.
听力原文：INTERVIEWER: Over the years, you have all kinds of people you are dealing with, I guess, but, is it—in the main—hardened criminals？
BROWN: In a community of this size, those who are accused of Crime vary a great deal from those who may be accused of crime in the metropolitan area.
INTERVIEWER: Uh-uh.
BROWN: During the past twenty years, I think we've had only two, possibly three, who have been charged with murder, for example. And those have occurred under circumstances that perhaps are a little different than you'd find in the large areas. In other words, we don't have Mafia type of organizations here. It's just an individual who under some force of circumstances has committed perhaps any kind of a crime. And there are probably more burglaries committed in these areas than, perhaps, any other one form. of crime.
INTERVIEWER: What sort of people burglarize？
BROWN: I would say the largest percentage of those who have committed burglaries in these areas are young people. Many of them are committed by young people who want to get a case of beer, or a few cartons of cigarettes, or some food and things of this kind—not serious burglary. Now we've had a number of... we've had two or three bank robberies in this area, and those have been committed by individuals who have had some record in the past.
INTERVIEWER: Uh-mm.
BROWN: Now we get a certain percentage, of course, of criminals who are recidivous, and they've been caught for committing another offence.
INTERVIEWER: This is... uh...
BROWN: That type of individual. I think,... uh... uh... we have great difficulty in dealing with. Many times when a child comes into Juvenile Court, he's had trouble with his parents. He can't communicate with his parents. His parents are almost ready to shove him out—and sometimes, they have shoved them out. I've been convinced over many, many years that there are some people, probably, who should never have children. They're simply not equipped emotionally, or educationally, or otherwise, to have children. Really, they.., they don't know how to raise children, and they produce some pretty poor products.
INTERVIEWER: And you realize, possibly, that the parties you should be dealing with are the parents... really, more than the children.
BROWN: You do try to deal with, of course, these parents. Sometimes, rather unsuccessfully. Some of them are very hostile not only toward the children—they're hostile toward the court, to the system. And I think probably the saddest cases in all the system are found in juvenile courts. Because here there are youngsters who have not reached the age of discretion or good judgment, who haven't been able to meet the problems of life as they have come to them. So, we talk to them about all of these things. I do, at least, talk to them about their problems and about their families and I have always left the door wide open for youngsters to come in to see me personally if they haven't been able to get along.
INTERVIEWER: What do you do if you have a parent hostile toward the court？ Are there any legal recourses there？ Isn't there a legal responsibility the parent has... ？
BROWN: Yes, indeed there are. The parents have a responsibility, of course, to support and take care of their children. If we find that the child is being damaged by remaining in the home—and this does happen—if he's damaged remaining in the home, the parents— we've had child-abuse cases. Of course, we can take the child out of the home. We don't dissolve the parental relationship. We take the child out of the home and put him in a foster home. The hope is always to get them back
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Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
People with pets find it hard to believe, but scientists continue to debate whether or not animals are conscious—that is, whether they're aware of themselves as individuals.
Some still claim that anything animals do is strictly the result of conditioning. Others are willing to grant animals a certain amount of intelligence, but argue that animals are no more self-aware than computers, which, after all, are also capable of complex, seemingly conscious behavior.
One sign of intelligence, if not necessarily consciousness, is tool use. Chimpanzees use sticks to reach for things and fish for termites; they've even been seen to attach two sticks together to make a longer stick. Non-primates can be just as ingenious. One scientist had a crow living in his laboratory who was fed dry mash that had to be moistened before it could be eaten. Occasionally the keepers forgot to moisten it. The crow used a cup he had been given as a toy to get his own water and moisten the mash himself!
Egyptian vultures throw rocks at ostrich eggs to break them open; the woodpecker finch, of the Galapagos islands, uses a cactus spine to pry grubs out of tree branches; some green herons will drop small objects onto the surface of the water to lure fish to the surface.
Dolphins have no hands, but they've learned to carry rocks around by sucking them into their blowholes. Dolphins will also blow bubble rings, then play with them as they rise to the surface. Sometimes they'll drop bits of fish or seaweed into the center of a bobble ring just to see what happens.
Nevertheless, many scientists still think that animals are basically sleepwalkers, carrying out complex actions but completely unaware they are doing so.
This notion only dates back to the 1920s, when the psychological theory known as behaviorism took hold. Behaviorists said that any animal behavior, no matter how complex, could be explained in terms of the interaction of learned responses to stimuli. Behaviorism made it possible for psychologists to carry out rigorous experiments, and so it became very popular.
The problem with animal consciousness is that it's almost impossible to prove rigorously. Still, there is evidence: not only the common-sense evidence pet-owners provide, but experimental evidence (i.e., "if rats and humans react in exactly the same way to certain situations, and humans are aware of why they're acting that way, maybe rats are too") and indirect evidence (certain brain waves that seem to be linked to conscious thoughts in humans occur in animals, too).
Consciousness, argue the scientists who believe animals possess it, is too important to survival for animals not to possess it. When something unusual or unexpected happens, an organism needs to figure out how to escape or otherwise cope. That's when consciousness swings into action, and ally animal without it is at a terrible disadvantage.
What's the topic in this passage？
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