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A．A flood and storm.B．A cyclone and tidal wave.C．A typhoon.D．An earthquake.
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Full face transplants are no longer science fiction fantasy, a leading surgeon has said, adding that they are technically【C1】______ but ethically complex. Peter Butler from London's Royal Free Hospital【C2】______ a debate on the ethics of such an【C3】______ made possible by new drugs which stop the body's immune system【C4】______ a transplanted face. "It is not 'can we do it？' but 'should we do it？", he told BBC. "The【C5】______ part is not complex, and I don't think that's going to be the very great【C6】______ . The ethical and moral debate is【C7】______ going to have to take place【C8】______ the first facial transplantation." The British Association of Plastic Surgeons will discuss the microsurgical【C9】______ , which should give new skin, bone, nose, chin, lips and ears from deceased donors to patients disfigured by accidents, bums or cancer. But surgeons could have trouble finding enough【C10】______ donors. Butler said his【C11】______ of doctors, nurses and members of the public showed most would【C12】______ a face transplant but few were willing to【C13】______ their own after dying. Despite a number of ethical【C14】______ , Christine Piff, who founded the charity Let's Face It after suffering a【C15】______ facial cancer 25 years ago, welcomed the【C16】______ of face transplants. She rejected the idea that the procedure would mean people would end up【C17】______ with a dead person's face. "There are so many people without faces, I have half a face... but we are all so much more than just a face ... you don't【C18】______ their responsibility. You are still you," she told reporters. "If we can donate other【C19】 ______ of the body then why not the face. I can't see anything【C20】______ with it."
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A．The earth will get even cooler.B．No species will survive in fifty years.C．30% of all
This remarkable technique is called thermography, and it has given human beings a new way of seeing. Thermography depends upon the fact that all objects give off infrared energy. The strength of these infrared emissions depends on the temperature of the body from which they come. Although scientists have long been able to measure the strength of infrared emissions, the problem was to turn these measurements into some sort of "picture".
Attempts were not notably successful until 1965, when Dr. Ray Lawson, of Montreal, made the first thermograms of the human body. Progress in the science has been rapid ever since, as industrial companies in Europe and the United States have come up with new developments.
Today's thermography looks, for the most part, like a small television camera. You point it at the subject, make a few fairly simple adjustments-and on an accompanying screen appear a black-and-white heat picture of the subject. Normally the warm areas are light, the cold areas dark, and the picture looks something like an ordinary photograph negative (底片). However, in some systems, black and white are reversed, and in still others the picture comes out in brilliant colors, with the various tones representing given temperatures.
Using one of these systems, experimenters made a picture of the past. Focusing on an empty chair after someone had been sitting in it for a few minutes; they were able to see the heat pattern left by the body, still emanating from the chair's fabric. The picture was so clear that they could detect that the sitter's legs had been crossed.
Thermography's most valuable use has been in the field of medicine. Already it has helped to save lives, and added to doctors' skills in treating disease. It has proved especially helpful in detecting breast tumors.
The standard examinations for breast cancer are mammography (X ray of the breast) and clinical examination. But, says Dr. Harold Izard, of Albert Einstein Medical Center in Philadelphia, who has used thermography to examine some 20,000 women for breast cancer, "The two methods do not catch everything. Thermography can indicate the possibility of some small cancers that have been missed. And it's safe and cheap. We can do a thermogram in a couple of minutes, and although the machines cost around $30,000 each, the price of operating them is a mater of pennies. And with the addition of thermography to the other two methods, we can get about 92 percent accuracy in detecting breast cancer."
What does the thermography depend on？
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