题目内容
According to the passage, which of the following is not true？
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The value of competition works against the spirit of national cooperation in that ______.
Part A
Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
In recent years, there has been a steady assault on salt from the doctors: Salt is bad for you—regardless of your health. Politicians also got on board. "There is a direct relationship," US congressman Neal Smith noted, "between the amount of sodium a person consumes and heart disease, circulatory disorders, stroke and even early death. "
Frightening,if true ! But many doctors and medical researchers are now beginning to feel the salt scare has gone too far. "All this hue and cry about eating salt is unnecessary," Dr. Dustan insists. "For most of us it probably doesn't make much difference how much salt we eat. " Dustan's most recent short-term study of 150 people showed that those with normal blood pressure underwent no change at all when placed on an extremely low-salt diet, or later when salt was reintroduced. Of the hypertensive subjects ,however,half of those on the low-salt diet did experience a drop in blood pressure, which returned to its previous level when salt was reintroduced.
"An adequate to somewhat excessive salt intake has probably saved many mote lives than it has cost in the general population," notes Dr. John H.Largh. "So a recommendation that the whole population should avoid salt makes no sense."
Medical experts agree that everyone should practice reasonable "moderation" in salt consumption. For an average person, a moderate amount might run from four to ten grams a day, or roughly 1/2 to 1/3 of a teaspoon. The equivalent of one to two grams of this salt allowance would come from the natural sodium in food. The rest would be added in processing, preparation or at the table.
Those with kidney, liver or heart problems may have to limit dietary salt, if their doctor advises. But even the very vocal "low salt" exponent, Dr. Arthur Hull Hayes, Jr. admits that "We do not know whether increased sodium consumption causes hypertension. " In fact, there is increasing scientific evidence that other factors may be involved: deficiencies in calcium, potassium, perhaps magnesium;obesity (much more dangerous than sodium) ;genetic predispotition; stress.
"It is not your enemy," says Dr. Laragh, "Salt is the No. 1 natural component of all human tissue, and the idea that you don't need it is wrong. Unless your doctor has proven that you have a salt-related health problem, there is no reason to give it up. "
According to some doctors and politicians, the amount of salt consumed
听力原文：Man: Although some countries may he capable of producing all the food, manufactured products or services needed by their population, they will normally specialize in the production of only some of these goods or services. By specializing, surpluses are created which can be traded with other countries.
A country may lack natural resources: although the UK has discovered and used North Sea oil, it lacks reserves of many minerals such as iron ore. The country will therefore have to obtain what it lacks naturally from other countries, again by trading its own surplus products.
The United Kingdom depends on foreign trade.
Imports are received from other countries and paid for by the UK. Exports are sent overseas, for which the country receives payment. The trade consists of both "visible" and "invisible".
Visible trade consists of goods that are imported or exported. Invisible trade is made up of services such as banking, insurance and tourism, which are also imported and exported. There will be further discussion on it later.
A country benefits from trading with other countries. These benefits come from greater competition, greater specialization and greater choice.
The United Kingdom needs to trade with other countries for many reasons:
1．It lacks natural resources and raw materials.
The type of climate means that certain foodstuffs cannot be grown naturally and minerals not found here will have to be imported.
2．It needs foreign currency to buy what it cannot produce, and this foreign currency is gained by selling exports.
3．Its manufacturers gain from wider markets, allowing greater production and economies of scale.
4．As trade increases, unemployment may fall, which benefits the country as a whole, as well as an individual worker.
5．Its population gains from the wider choice of goods and services now available.
However, there are some changes in UK trade; until recently, the United Kingdom was regarded by other countries as essentially a producer of manufactured goods for export, with raw materials and foodstuffs being imported in return. Exports of manufactured goods and semi-manufactures' are still very important, and are boosted nowadays by the export of North Sea oil.
The large imports to the UK are now also finished manufactured goods, with foodstuff imports taking a smaller proportion of the total than previously. We said last time that Britain depended on trade in order to survive. Generally speaking, she is not rich in natural resources and must therefore import large quantities of food and raw materials (crude oil, chemicals, ironware etc.). She must export large quantities of manufactured goods in order to pay for the food and raw materials and maintain a favorable balance of trade. Trade in commodities like oil and cars is known as visible trade.
However, there is another type of trade known as invisible trade. Invisible trade is not concerned with commodities but with movements of money. It includes invisible imports such as money spent by the British government overseas, loans to developing countries, sterling spent by British tourists abroad, payments to foreign shipping companies and so on. At first sight these payments look like exports because the money goes overseas, but they are in fact imports because the expenditure they represent is lost to the British economy.
Similarly, there are invisible exports such as profits, interest and dividends from overseas investment, foreign currency spent by tourists to Britain, payments received by British shipping companies, receipts from insurance, etc.
During the late 1990's Britain went through a long crisis in her balance of payments. The balance of payments is a complicated matter, but basically it is the difference between what a country spends and what it earns. For various reasons Britain was spending more abroad than she was earning during 1997 and 1998. So there was a balance of payments deficit. In 19
听力原文：M：Cigarette？
W：No，thank you．I've given up，you know．
M：Oh．
W：It's ten days ago．Haven't had one．
M：Well．you don't mind if I had one．
W：Well，all right，then…Oh my goodness! That's a terrible cough．
M：No，no, it's not．It's only…I only get it first thing in the morning．
W：That's going to make you very unfit，you know．
M：No，it's all right．It goes in a minute．
W：Why don't you try and give up？
M：Oh，no．I ought to，but I can't．It relaxes me，smoking．
W：Really？
M：It does．
W：Well，have you ever thought of just cutting down？
M：Oh，no，that's all vey well but…I wouldn't enjoy it．I depend a bit on my smoking．I must say．
W：You should do it gradually．I mean…well，if you tried…have you thought of just giving up one day？
M：Yes，oh well，yes，that is quite a good idea．
W：It is．
M：But I think I'd lose count or something．
W：Oh dear! Well，it might be all idea if you started eating sweets．
M：Oh no．I couldn't do that．I couldn't possibly…
W：Why？
M：Well．it makes you fat．
W：Well．do you think that matters？ Don't you think it is better to be fat than to be unhealthy？
M：No，I don't．I'd rather be fat…Well，I'd rather be thin than fat，certainly．
W：Oh dear．Well．Hey! I've got a good idea!
M：What's that？
W：Why don't you go to a hypnotist？ My sister did!
M：Oh，look，you don't seem to realize that I like smoking．If I gave it up，if I didn't smoke at all，I'd probably end up attacking people!
W：Oh, don't be so silly! Of course you wouldn't!
When did the woman give up smoking？
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