(一)Question 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:Adverse (不良的) drug reactions may cause the deaths of over 100,000 U.S. hospital patients each year, making them a leading cause of death nationwide, according to a report in the journal of the American Medical Association.The incidence(发生率)of serious and fatal adverse drug reaction (ADRs) in US hospitals was found to be extremely high, say researchers at the University of Toronto in Ontario, Canada.They carried out an analysis of 39 ADR-related studies at US hospital over the past 30 years and defend an ADR as “any harmful, unintended, and undesired effect of a drug which occurs at doses(剂量)used in humans for medical treatment.”An average 6.7% of all hospital patients experience an ADR every year, according to the researchers, they estimate that “in 1994,overall 2,216,000 hospital patients had serious ADRs and 106,000 had fatal ADRs.” This means that ADRs may rank the fourth single largest cause of death in America.The control of ADR also means appending more money. One US study estimated the overall cost of treating cause of death in America.The David Bates of Brigham and women’s hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, believes that healthcare workers need to pay more attention to the problem, especially since many ADRs are easily preventable. “When a patient develops an allergy(过敏症)or sensitivity, it is often not recorded,” Bates notes,“and patients receive drug to which they have known allergies or sensitivities with disturbing frequency.” He believes special computerized systems still work–in–progress at many of the nation’s hospital should help cut down the frequency of these type of errors.1.Who wrote the report in the American journal?
A. the American Medical Association
Brigham and women’s hospital in Boston
C. doctors at an American hospital
D. researchers at a Canadian university
(四) Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:Friends play an important part in our lives, and although we may take the friendship for granted, we often don't clearly understand how we make friends. While we get on well with a number of people, we are usually friends with only a very few. For example, the average among students is about 6 per person. In all the cases of friendly relationship, two people like one another and enjoy being together, but beyond that, the degree of intimacy between them and the reasons for their shared interest vary enormously. As we get to know people. We take into account things like age, race, economic condition, social position, and intelligence. Although these factors are not of prime importance, it is more difficult to get on with people when there is a marked difference in age and background.Some friendly relationships can be kept on argument and discussion, but it is usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs, to have attitudes and interests in common they often talk about "being on the same wavelength" . It generally takes time to reach this report. And the more intimately involved people become, the more they rely on one another. People want to do friends favors and hate to break a promise. Equally, friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and to tolerate differences of opinion.In contrast with marriage, there are no friendship ceremonies to strengthen the association between two people. But the supporting and understanding of each other that results from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond, which can overcome differences in background, and break down barriers of age, class or race.16.What does the passage say about making friends?
A. People usually have fewer friends than they think.
B. People do not have to like each other to become friends.
C. People become friends when they get on well with each other.
D. People consider age and background unimportant in making friends.