The following statements do not support the argument that love for one’s country is in many cases natural EXCEPT ___________.
A. whereas one’s love of and loyalty to a family member or a friend may coexist with a low estimate of the person’s qualities, patriotism involves endorsement of one’s country.
B. a man had a deep love and loyalty to his nation all his life, even at the time when he was exiled.
C. patriotism embraces no ill thoughts about others or enmity towards them.
D. patriotism codifies all the all the love there is amongst people, and forge out of it a morality and a book of rules for human beings to which all patriots could subscribe.
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The author refers to Simon Keller in Para.8 who examined patriotism from his point of view in order to __________.
A. introduce the argument that patriotism involves endorsement of one’s country
B. offer the evidence to undermine the argument that patriotism cannot be judged from the standpoints of ethics of belief
C. illustrate the thoughts of a modern philosopher who believes that patriotism involves both love and a low estimate of one’s country
D. give an explanation that has been frequently debated on in the philosophical community today
Which of the following best describes the function of the last sentence in Para.10?
A. It introduces the evidence that patriotism is partly formed by prejudice against other countries.
B. It suggests that the view described in the previous paragraph is based on faulty argumentation.
C. It indicates the reason why philosophers have overlooked the contradiction described in the previous paragraphs.
D. It supports a claim that regards patriotism as people’s natural emotional attachment.
Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
A definition about a philosophical term is introduced, the theories supporting that definition are analyzed and the definition is approved.
B. A definition about a philosophical term is introduced, but no sound theories can be used to prove it right. Hence the definition is modified.
C. A philosophical term is introduced, the perspectives of different philosophers regarding its connotations are analyzed, and the essence of the term is clarified.
D. A debate among philosophers regarding the explanation for a particular term is outlined, and one position in that debate is shown to be more persuasive.
Which of the following best describes the function of the first sentence in Para.11?
A. It offers an alternative interpretation of a patriot’s beliefs about his country discussed in the previous paragraph.
B. It introduces a new argument about the definition of patriotism.
C. It shifts the focus of the argument developed earlier in the passage.
D. It introduces the evidence that has not been taken into account by the philosophical community.
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