题目内容
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
There are two methods of fighting, the one by law, the other by force; the first method is that of men, the second of beasts; but as the first method is often insufficient, one must have recourse to the second. It is, therefore, necessary for a prince to know well how to use both the beast and the man. This was covertly taught to rulers by ancient writers, who related how Achilles and many others of those ancient princes were given to Chiron the centaur to be brought up and educated under his discipline. The parable of this semi-animal, semi-human teacher is meant to indicate that a prince must know how to use both natures, and that the one without the other is not durable.
A prince, being thus obliged to know well how to act as a beast, must imitate the fox, and the lion, for the lion cannot protect himself from traps, and the fox cannot defend himself from wolves. Those that wish to be only lions do not understand this. Therefore, a prudent ruler ought not to keep faith when By doing so it would be against his interest, and when the reasons which made him bind himself no longer exist. If men were all good, this precept would not be good; but as they are bad, and would not observe their faith with you, so you are not bound to keep faith with them. Nor have legitimate grounds ever failed a prince who wished to show colorable excuse for the non-fulfillment of his promise. Of this one could furnish an infinite number of examples, and show how many times peace has been broken, and how many promises rendered worthless, by the faithlessness of princes, and those that have best been able to imitate the fox have succeeded best. But it is necessary to be able to disguise this character well, and to be a great feigner and dissembler, and men are so simple and so ready to obey present necessities, that the one who deceives will always find those who allow themselves to be deceived.
The author of the passage does not believe that ______.
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A．From chasing an animal.B．From rolling a body of a heavy animal on logs.C．From watchi
The forest from which man takes his timber is the tallest and most impressive plant community on Earth. In terms of man's brief life it appears permanent and unchanging, save for the seasonal growth and fail of the leaves, but to forester it represents the climax of a long succession of events.
No wooded landscape we see today has been forest for all time. Plants have minimum requirements of temperature and moisture and, in ages past, virtually every part of Earth's surface has at some time been either too dry or too cold for plants to survive. However, as soon as climatic conditions change in favor of plant life, a fascinating sequence of changes occurs, called a primary succession.
First to colonize the barren land are the lowly lichens, surviving on bare rock. Slowly, the acids produced by these organisms crack the rock surface, plant debris accumulates, and mosses establish a shallow root-hold. Ferns may follow and, with short grasses and shrubs, gradually form. a covering of plant life. Roots probe even deeper into the developing soil and eventually large shrubs give way to the first trees. These grow rapidly, cutting off sunlight from the smaller plants, and soon establish complete domination-closing their ranks and forming a climax community which may endure for thousands of years.
Yet even this community is not everlasting. Fire may destroy it outright and settlers may cut it down to gain land for pasture or cultivation. If the land is then abandoned, a secondary succession will take over, developing much faster on the more hospitable soil. Shrubs and trees are among the early invaders, their seeds carried by the wind, by birds and lodged in the coats of mammals.
For as long as it stands and thrives, the forest is a vast machine, storing energy and many elements essential for life.
What does the forest strike mankind as permanent？
听力原文： Man's first real invention, and one of the most important inventions in history, was the wheel. All transportation and every machine in the world depend on it. The wheel is the simplest yet perhaps the most remarkable of all inventions. Because there are no wheels in nature, no living things was ever created with wheels. How, then, did man come to invent the wheel？
Perhaps some early hunters found that they could roll the body of a heavy animal through the forest on logs mole easily than they could carry it. However, the logs themselves weighed a lot. It must have taken a great prehistoric thinker to imagine two thin slices of log connected at their centers by a strong stick. This would roll along just as the logs did, yet be much lighter and easier to handle. Thus the wheel and axle came into being, and with them the first carts.
(30)
听力原文：W: Good morning. This is Mrs. Jackson. May I please speak with Dr. Ellis？
M: Dr. Ellis is speaking, Mrs. Jackson. How's that new bridge？
W: Not so good, doctor. That's what I'm calling about. It just doesn't seem to fit right.
M: Well, that's to be expected during the first few days after it has been put in. As I told you, there will be no complications.
W: It hurts so much, especially when I eat. I keep removing it afterwards, you know.
M: I understand, Mrs. Jackson. It does hurt in the beginning, I know. But it would be better if you didn't remove it, except when cleaning it, of course.
W: Well, I did at first, doctor, but my gums hurt so much that I just can't stand it any longer.
M: Well, maybe we can adjust it a little more.
W: Adjust it？
M: Yes, file it down a little here and there. When can you come in？
W: Oh, right away, doctor, if you don't mind.
M: Let me see, I'll check here now. Maybe I can find the time for you this morning.
W: Oh, I can wait until this afternoon if you you're too busy now.
M: Sorry, Mrs. Jackson, but I'd rather you'd come this morning if possible. This afternoon I'm teaching a class at the dental school. Just a minute. Mrs. Jackson, can you get here about 11:30？ That will give us enough time before lunch. We'll see what we can do.
W: Oh, yes doctor, I can make it. Thank you. See you then.
(23)
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