题目内容
SECTION B INTERVIEW
Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.
Now listen to the interview.
听力原文：W: John, do you realize that Christmas is only a month away？ We' ve got to think of Christmas presents.
M: Well, and what a lot of relations we have to think about!
W: Well, it's no good leaving the shopping till the last week before Christmas Day, is it？ Shall we decide what to send them all now？
M: All right. Let’s make a list of names and then decide what to give them all.
W :The children first, I think. What about Anne？
M: She’s getting too grown-up for toys. Let’s give her a book. Would she like one of the volumes of that new encyclopedia？ The Oxford Junior Encyclopedia, I think it's called.
W:I think she would. But which volume？ There are twelve, I think.
M: We can let Anne choose, can't we？ She might like the volume called Natural History, or perhaps Great Lives.
W: Very well, we' 11 ask Anne to choose. Now what about Dick？ He thinks about nothing but space travel nowadays.
M: Oh, that makes it easy. Shall we give him one of those space travel suits the toyshops have？ You know what I mean; there is a big round plastic thing that goes over the head.
W: That’s an excellent idea. He’ll be awfully excited.
M: Well, we must think of the old people as well as the children. What about your father？
W: He’s fond of music. Perhaps some tapes.
M: Isn’t he getting rather deaf？
W: He’s just got a hearing aid, and he can hear quite well with it. He’s very amusing. When mother turns the radio on to a programme father doesn’t want to listen to, he takes his hearing aid out and reads his book in peace and quiet. Then, when there’s something he likes, a concert of good music, he puts his aid in and listens.
M: And I suppose he takes it out when the conversation is uninteresting, too! Well, what do you think about giving him discs？
W: Yes, let’s do that. He’s very fond of Italian opera.
M:Do you know if his machine is still in good condition？
W:Yet, it is.
M: Then I’ll get him some discs. There are plenty of Italian operas to choose from.
W:And now your father. What would he like？
M :Not discs ! He never goes to a concert. He’s been sleeping very badly the last few months. He does a lot of reading in bed. Perhaps a book？
W :Why not a bedside reading lamp？ That would be useful.
M: Cood idea! Then he can read without keeping mother awake. What shall we give mother？
W:A pair of gloves？
M: Yes, 8loves will make a nice present. Will you buy them？ A good pair of soft leather gloves with a nice warm lining.
W: Well, that's five names on the list.
M: We mustn’t forget your mother. What would she like？
W: She still plays golf, you know, even though she’s over sixty. What about one of those baskets on wheels, with a handle, for pushing golf clubs round？ Are they expensive？
M: Find out when you' re in town tomorrow. Put it on the list with a question mark. And your brother？
W :A box of cigars. But you choose them, please. I know nothing about cigars.
M: Very well, I’ll see to it.
W: Nephews and nieces next. Your sister Kater has two boys. How old is Jim now？
M: Twelve. He likes games.
W: We might give him a football.
M: Yes. I hope he doesn’t take it into the garden on Christmas morning and start kicking it about. He might kick it through the dining-room window ! We shouldn’t be very popular then, if they had to eat Christmas dinner with a cold wind blowing through a broken window.
W: Well. We'll warn Jim not to kick the ball about in the garden. We'll advise him to take it into the park. How old is Tom？
M :He’s two years younger than Jim. He’d probably like a gun.
W: An air-gun？ Can you
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SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.
听力原文： The Clinton Administration Friday announced that it will close down US aid missions in 21 countries over the next three years. The move is seen as the key element in a plan to reorganize the US Agency for International Development and redefine its goals in the post Cold War era.
Details from VOA’s Douglas Roberts at the State Department. "The announcement has been expected for many months and the only question at the Friday’s news conference by AID Administrator Bryan Rat Wood was which nations would be affected by the cutbacks, nine in Africa, four in Asia, six in Latin America and two in the Near East. Mr. Rat Wood said some have developed beyond the need for aid operations but others have been what he termed ' poor partners in the development process. ' He singled out Zaire or a dictatorial government has followed policies that made AID operations ineffective. ' We can no longer expect to go to the Congress of the United States, to the American people and tell them that we' re going to be investing their dollars in countries with governments such as the government of Zaire. That is the princi pal message of the announcement that we are making today. ' Mr. Rat Wood said AID will now concentrate on sustainable development programs in some fifty nations focusing on key areas including the environment, health and population, economic growth and the promotion of democracy. Douglas Roberts, VOA news at the State Department."
The Clinton Administration announced Friday that ______.
Policymakers and industry have four options: reduce vehicle use, increase the efficiency and reduce the emissions of conventional gasoline powered vehicles, switch to less harmful fuels, or find less polluting driving systems. The last of these-in particular the introduction of vehicles powered by electricity-is ultimately the only sustainable option. The other alternatives are attractive in theory but in practice are either impractical or offer only marginal improvements. For example, reduced vehicle use could solve traffic problems and a host of social and environmental problems, but evidence from around the world suggests that it is very difficult to make people give up their cars to any significant extent. In the U .S., mass-transit ridership and carpooling have declined since World War Il . Even in western Europe, with fuel prices averaging more than $ 1 a liter (about $ 4 a gallon) and with easily accessible mass transit and dense populations, cars still account for 80 percent of all passenger travel.
Improved energy efficiency is also appealing, but automotive fuel economy has barely made any progress in 10 years. Alternative fuels such as natural gas, burned in internal-combustion engines, could be introduced at relatively low cost, but they would lead to only marginal reductions in pollution and greenhouse emissions (especially because oil com panics are already spending billions of dollars every year to develop less polluting types of gasoline) .
From the passage we know that the increased use of cars will______.
Imagine eating everything delicious you want-with none of the fat. That would be great, wouldn't it？
New "fake fat" products appeared on store shelve in the United States recently, but not everyone is happy about it. Makers of the products, which contain a compound called olestra, say food manufacturers can now eliminate fat from certain foods. Critics, however, say the new. eliminate can rob the body of essential vitamins and nutrients and can also cause unpleasant side effects in some people. So it's up to decide whether the new fat-free products taste good enough to keep eating.
Chemists discovered olestra in tile late 1960s, when they were searching for a fat that could be digested by infants more easily. Instead of finding the desired Fat, the researchers created a fat that can't be digested at all.
Normally, special chemicals in the intestines "grab" molecules of regular fat and break them down so they can be used by the body. A
molecule of regular fat is made up of three molecules of substances called fatty acids.
The fatty acids are absorbed by the intestines and bring with them the essential vitamins A, D, E, and K. When fat molecules are present in the intestines with any of those vitamins, the vitamins attach to tbe molecules and are carried into the bloodstream.
Olestra, which is made from six to eight molecules of fatty acids, is too large for the intestines to absorb. It just slides through the intestines without being broken down. Manufacturers say it's that ability to slide unchanged through the intestines that makes olestra so valuable as a fat substitute. It provides consumers with the taste of regular fat without any bad effects on the body. But critics say olestra can prevent vitamins A, D, E, and K from being absorbed. It can also prevent the absorption of carotenoids, compounds that may reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease, etc.
Manufacturers are adding vitamins A, D, E, and K as well as carotenoids to their products now. Even so, some nutritionists are still concerned that people might eat unlimited amounts of food made with the fat substitute without worrying about how many calories they are consuming.
We learn from the passage that olestra is a substance that______.
When imaginative men turn their eyes towards space and wonder whether life exists in any part of it, they may cheer themselves by remembering that life need not resemble closely the life that exists on Earth. Mars looks like the only planet where life like ours could exist, and even this is doubtful. But there may be other kinds of life based on other kinds of chemistry, and they may multiply on Venus or Jupiter. At least we cannot prove at present that they do not.
Even more interesting is the possibility that life on their planets may be in a more advanced stage of evolution. Present-day man is in a peculiar and probably temporary stage. His individual units retain a strong sense of personality. They are, in fact, still capable under favorable circumstances of leading individual lives. But man's societies are already sufficiently developed to have enormously more power and effectiveness
than the individuals have.
It is not likely that this transitional situation will continue very long on the evolutionary time scale. Fifty thousand year's from now man's societies may have become so close-knit that the individuals retain no sense of separate personality. Then little distinction will remain between the organic parts of the multiple organism and the inorganic parts (machines) that have been constructed by it. A million years further on man and his machines may have merged as closely as the muscles of the human body and nerve cells that set them in motion.
The explorers of space should be prepared for some' such situation. If they arrive on a foreign planet that has reached an advanced stage (and this is by no means impossible), they may find it being inhabited by a single large organism composed of many closely cooperating units.
The units may be "secondary"-machines created millions of years ago by a previous form. of life and given the will and ability to survive and reproduce. They may be built entirely of metals and other durable materials. If this is the case, they may be much more tolerant of their environment, multiplying under conditions that would destroy immediately any organism made of carbon compounds and dependent on the familiar car bon cycle.
Such creatures might be relics of a past age, many millions of years ago, when their planet was favorable to the origin of life, or they might be immigrants from a favored planet.
Humans on Earth today are characterized by______.
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