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As temperatures rise and the polar ice caps melt, the race is 11 to unlock the treasures of the Arctic.
This region is thought to contain one quarter of the world's untapped oil and gas 12 , and there's stiff competition 13 them. America, Canada, Denmark and Norway have all staked territorial claims in the Arctic, and 14 has Russia.
Three years ago, a Russian 15 planted a titanium flag 16 the ocean floor 17 the North Pole. It was a symbol of Moscow's 18 to protect what it sees as its national interest.
In Moscow this week scientists, businessmen and politicians 19 Arctic nations will discuss co-operation, but they're also expected to push their countries' 20 in the region.
11. A. in B. at C. on D. off
12. A. sources B. reserves C. stores D. savings
13. A. in B. at C. as D. for
14. A. as B. like C.so D. such
15. A. trip B. journey C. expedition D. mission
16. A. in B. at C. for D. on
17. A. beneath B. down C. low D. into
18. A. determination B. faith C. courage D. bravery
19. A. away B. off C. from D. towards
20. A. speech B. claims C. assertion D. accounts

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2017年下半年教师资格证要增加新科目是真的吗？

（英译汉）Although there is a strong positive relationship between wealth and happiness，it is only true for those who live below the poverty line or who are unemployed.Research suggests that there are things that contribute more to happiness than external factors.That doesn’t mean that if you have a lot of money you won’t be happy,or that having a lot of money is bad;it just means that other factors are more important in determining happiness.More important,it is the way we choose to think about ourselves，our place in the world，and the world around us，and how we act in that world that sets the happy people apart from the less happy people.

，and other things which make up the weather.11 without knowing about the rest of the 12，one cannot understand lightening and thunder. Long ago，13 scientists had begun to study the weather，everyone was afraid of lightening and thunder. 14 the ancient Greeks and Romans，thunder was the angry voice of 15 great god Zeus，or Jupiter.
Today we know more about weather and 16 lightening and thunder too，though there 17 still much to be learned. People today are not often afraid of thunderstorms，though we know that lightening 18 dangerous. 19 we understand lightening and thunder，there is a thrill (激动) in watching a summer thunderstorm which clears the air and leaves us 20.
11.[A] So [B] If [C] For [D] Yet
12.[A] weather [B] whether [C] wonder [D]wander
13.[A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when
14.[A] For [B] To [C] As [D] About
15.[A] its [B] his [C] their [D] one’s
16.[A] in [B] about [C] on [D] of
17.[A] are [B] was [C] is [D] were
18.[A] can be [B] must be [C] need be [D] should be
19.[A] While [B] Although [C] So [D] Because
20.[A] to relax [B] relaxing [C] relax [D] relaxed

False teeth have been found in Italy in human heads that are over 2,500 years old. They were made of bone and set in gold. However，for hundreds of years afterwards，the apparent dental skill of those early people was lost. Without false teeth people looked old before their time，since so many lost their teeth at an early age.
Toward the end of the 17th century，rich people could buy false teeth made from ivory. The teeth were tied together with silk thread，but it was difficult to keep them in the mouth. That was why rich people would rather buy teeth from the poor who would often sell their teeth to buy food and clothing.
Early in the 18th century a French doctor used steel springs to hold teeth in place. However，it was difficult to close one‘s mouth! Late in the same century porcelain (瓷)teeth set in gold were often used to make false teeth.
Although the use of artificial teeth increased，human teeth continued to be used also. In the 19th century，teeth from soldiers killed in battle were made into artificial teeth. For example，teeth from the dead in the American Civil War were sent to England.
By the middle of the 19th century，an American doctor，Claudius Ash，invented a better kind of porcelain tooth made of a special kind of hard rubber.
26.When did people with the earliest false teeth live according to the passage？
[A] At the end of the 17th century.
[B] In the early 18th century.
[C] In the middle of the 19th century.
[D] Over 2,500 years ago.
27.Which material would wealthy people use to make artificial teeth in 1693？
[A] Porcelain.
[B] Hard rubber.
[C] Ivory.
[D] Bone.
28.Who first used steel springs to tie false teeth together according to the passage？
[A] An Italian doctor.
[B] A French doctor.
[C] An American doctor.
[D] An English doctor.
29.We can learn from the passage that _.
[A] one looked older than his real age with artificial teeth
[B] we are using the same method as ancient people in making false teeth
[C] poor people would often sell their teeth to get money in the 17th century
[D] human teeth were no longer used in making false teeth after the 18th century
30.The passage is mainly about _.
[A] the discovery of false teeth
[B] the material of false teeth
[C] the use of false teeth
[D] the history of false teeth Passage Three