题目内容
When We Are Asleep
Everyone dreams, but some people never recall their dreams, or do so very rarely. Other people always wake up with vivid recollections (记忆 ) of their dreams, though they forget them very quickly. In an average night of eight hours&39;sleep, an average adult will dream for around one hundred minutes, probably having three to five dreams, each lasting from ten to thirty minutes.
Scientists can detect when someone is having a dream by using an instrument which measures the electrical waves in the brain. During dreaming, these waves move more quickly. Breathing and pulse rate also increase, and there are rapid eye movements under the lids, just as though the dreamer were really looking at moving objects. These signs of dreaming have been detected in all mammals (哺乳动物) studied, including dogs, monkeys, cats, and elephants, and also some birds and reptiles (爬行动物) .This period of sleep is called the "D" state for around 50% of their sleep; the period reduces to around 25% by the age of 10.
Dreams take the form. of stories, but they may be strange and with incidents not connected, which make little sense. Dreams are seldom without people in them and they are usually about people we know. One estimate says that two-thirds of the "cast" of our dream dramas are friends and relations. Vision seems an essential part of dreams, except for people blind from birth. Sound and touch senses are also often aroused, but smell and taste are not frequently involved. In "normal" dreams, the dreamer may be taking part, or be only an observer. But he or she cannot control what happens in the dream.
However, the dreamer does have control over one type of dream. This type of dream is called a "lucid"(清醒的) dream. Not everyone is a lucid dreamer. Some people are occasional lucid dreamers. Others can dream lucidly more or less all the time. In a lucid dream, the dreamer knows that he is dreaming.
Some people dream but cannot remember their dreams. 查看材料
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Easy Death
In ancient Greek, the term euthanatos meant "easy death". Today euthanasia (安乐死)generally refers to mercy killing, the voluntary (自愿) ending of the life of someone who is terminally ill. Like abortion, euthanasia has become a legal, medical, and moral issue over which opinion is divided.
Euthanasia can be either active or passive. Active euthanasia means that a physician or other medical personnel takes an action that will result in death, such as giving an overdose of deadly medicine. Passive euthanasia means letting a patient die for lack of treatment, or stopping the treatment that has begun. Examples of passive euthanasia include taking patients off a breathing machine or removing other life-support systems. Stopping the food supply is also considered passive.
A good deal of the debate about mercy killing originates from the decision-making process.
Who decides whether a patient is to die？ This issue has not been solved legally in the United States.
The matter is left to state law, which usually allows the physician in charge to suggest the option of death to a patient&39;s relatives, especially if the patient is brain dead. In an attempt to make decisions about when their own lives should end, several terminally ill patients in the early 1990s used a controversial suicide device, developed by Dr. Jack Kevorkian, to end their lives.
In parts of Europe, the decision-making process has become very flexible. Even in cases where the patients are not brain dead, patients have been put to death without their approval at the request of relatives or at the suggestion of physicians. Many cases of passive euthanasia involve old people or newbom infants. The principle justifying this practice is that such individuals have a "life not worthy of life".
In countries where passive euthanasia is not legal, the court systems have proved very tolerant in dealing with medical personnel who practice it. In Japan, for example, if physicians follow certain guidelines they may actively carry out mercy killings on hopelessly ill people. Courts have also been somewhat tolerant of friends or relatives who have assisted terminally ill patients to die.
A terminally ill patient is one who __________. 查看材料
Nuclear Radiation
Nuclear power&39;s danger to health, safety and even life itself can be summed up in one word : radiation.
Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human senses. It can&39;t be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we can&39;t detect then, sense them, without a radio receiver. Similarly, we can&39;t sense radioactivity without a radiation detector. But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things.
At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being outright by killing masses of cells in vital organs. But even the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no level of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage may not be significant. This is the case when only a few cells are hit. And if they are killed outright, your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in trouble. They reproduce themselves in a deformed way. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years.
This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the victim being aware at the time that damage has occurred. A person can be irradiated and feel fine, then die of cancer five, ten or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak or liable to serious illness as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents.
Radiation can hurt us. We must know the truth.
According to the passage， the danger of nuclear power lies in__________ 查看材料
《铁路工务安全规则》规定，当允许速度160km/h＜υmax≤200km/h时，作业人员下道避车，距轨头外侧距离应不小于2.5m。（)
听力原文： Welcome to the 2002 International Sales Conference. As you know, this is a chance for salespeople from different countries to meet. I’m Peter Roberts, the Sales Director of Fashion House. This is Alex Smy the, the MD.
We start with a session today on a key issue for us-company strategy. Alex will lead that. I think you’ll be interested in the ideas he’s going to talk about. In the next session, from the coffee break until lunchtime, we’d like you to think about what these ideas mean for each country we work in. I think we’ve called that ’Workshops’ in the schedule.
We’ve left you some free time before dinner. There are drinks in the hotel lounge at seven o’clock Please all meet there before moving into the Blue Room for the meal itself.
Tomorrow, Sunday, we start at 9 am. Alex wanted to schedule a product demonstration. I’d also hoped to fit in sales training. We finally derided to go with Alex’s idea. Please can you be ready to start the session punctually. That session’s followed by one called ’Discussion Groups’, where we’ll be looking at issues raised during the first session of the day. But we hope you’ll not only talk but also think of an action plan by the end of the session.
We haven’t scheduled a sit-down lunch for tomorrow. Instead, we’ll have a buffet at 12.30. That’ll leave time for our guest speaker, Susan James. Most of you know her from last year, and I’m sure you’ll all be interested in what she has to say about customer contact. Her session will include some reports from research about how clients feel when approached by salespeople and how this experience can be imp’roved.
And then at five o’clocK the coach will take us all to the airport. Right, that’s enough of the introductions. Let’s now start the first session.
How to approach Listening Test Part Three
？In this part of the Listening Test you listen to a monologue, e.g. a presentation.
？Before you listen, read the notes. Think about the presentation you will hear
？Note all possible answers as you listen for the first time. Do not make an immediate decision.
？Do not worry if you do not know the answers. You will hear the recording a second time.
？Listen for overall meaning. Do not choose an answer just because you hear the same words in the recording as in the question.
？Decide on your final answer only after you have listened for the second time.
？Check that you have used no more than two words in each numbered space.
？Look at the conference programme below.
？Some information is missing.
？ZYou will hear part of a welcome speech by a company’s Sales Director.
？For each question 16 - 22, fill in the missing information in the numbered space using one or two words.
？You will hear the speech twice.
Fashion House
International Sales Conference 2002
Conference Programme
Saturday
9.00 Session 1: Talk by the Managing Director about (16) ..................
10.30 Coffee
11.00 Session 2: (17) ..................
12.30 Lunch
Free time
19.00 Meet in the (18) ..................
Sunday
9.00 Session 1: (19) ..................
10.30 Coffee
11.00 Session 2: (20) ..................
12.30 (21) .................. (lunch)
14.00 Final session: Talk by guest speaker Susan James on (22) ..................
17.00 Coach to the airport
(16)
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