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A．At Monticello.B．In France.C．In Louisiana.D．In Washington.
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But in the 19th century the mass production of goods 【B3】______ the Industrial Revolution made person-to-person selling inefficient. The mass distribution of goods that 【B4】______ the development of the railway and highway made person-to-person selling too slow and expensive. At the same time, mass communication, first newspapers and magazines, then radio and television, made mass selling through 【B5】______ possible.
The objective of any advertisement is to convince people that it is in their best 【B6】______ to take the action the advertiser is recommending. The action 【B7】______ be to purchase a product, use a service, vote for a political candidate, or even to join the Army.
Advertising as a 【B8】______ developed first and most rapidly in the United States, the country that uses it to the greatest 【B9】______ . In 1980 advertising expenditure in the U.S. exceeded 55 billion dollars, or 【B10】______ 2 percent of the gross national product. Canada spent about 1.2 percent of its gross national product 【B11】______ advertising.
【B12】______ advertising brings the economics of mass selling to the manufacturer, it produces benefits for the consumer 【B13】______ . Some of those economies are passed along to the purchaser so that the cost of a product sold primarily through advertising is usually far 【B14】______ than one sold through personal salespeople. Advertising brings people immediate news about products that have just come on the market. Finally, advertising 【B15】______ for the programs on commercial television and radio and for about two thirds of the cost of publishing magazines and newspapers.
【B1】______
论说文
根据下面的材料写一篇论说文，题目自拟，要求700字左右。
南美洲有一种奇特的植物——卷柏。说它奇特，是因为它会走。卷柏生存需要充分的水分，当水分不充足时，它就会自己把根从土壤里拔出来，让整个身躯卷成一个圆球状。由于体轻，只要稍有一点风，它就会随风在地面滚动。一旦滚到水分充足的地方，圆球就会迅速打开，根重新钻到土壤里，暂时安居下来。当水分又一次不充足，住得不称心如意时，它就会继续游走，以寻求更好的生存环境。
难道卷柏不走就不能生存了吗？一位植物学家做了一个实验：用挡板圈出一块空地，把一株卷柏放到空地中水分最充足的地方，不久卷柏便扎根生存下来。几天后，当这里水分减少时，卷柏便拔出根须，准备飘移。但实验者用挡板对其进行严格控制，限制了它游走的可能；结果实验者发现，卷柏又重新扎根生存在那里；而且在几次将根拔出又不能移动的情况下，便再也不动了；并且，卷柏此时的根已经深深扎入泥土，长势比任何时期都好，也许它发现，根扎得越深，水分越充分……
It is desirable for staff and their employers to have similar objectives.
•Read this text taken from an article about some key aspects of operations management.
•Choose the best sentence to fill each of the gaps.
•For each gap 9—14, mark one letter (A—H) on your Answer Sheet.
•Do not use any letter more than once.
The Operations Function
Goods are tangible items purchased by individuals or organizations for subsequent use. Services are intangible items that are consumed at the time of being provided, with the customer taking away or retaining the benefit of that service. However, in many commercial situations, what is provided or produced by an organization can be a mixture of both goods and services. H
The operations function is the part of the organization that exists primarily to generate and produce the products. (9) . They have a conversion process, some resource inputs into that process, the outputs resulting from the conversions of the inputs, and the information feedback about the activities in the operations system. (10) . Economists refer to the transformation of resources into goods and services as the production function. (11) . This process is what creates the revenue for the company making the products or providing the services. (12) .
When considering the conversion process we must take into account that the process is subject to random change and fluctuations. Unplanned or uncontrolled influences may cause the actual output to differ from the planned output. (13) . If there is a circumstance in which the Yangzi River of China was to flood, the production of rice would suffer, therefore causing an increase fluctuation in the price of rice. (14) . Fluctuations may also tend to be caused by internal problems inherent in the conversion process. Faulty equipment, material imperfections, and of course human errors are only a few of the ideas that affect output quality.
A Other natural problems such as lightning, frost, drought, too much rain, etc., will tend to be the major reason for the fluctuation in product quality and price because of availability.
B All producers of whether it be a physical object or service have some basic elements in common.
C For example, all managers in any organization will need to know how to train their employees, appraise their performance, and so forth.
D The end product then becomes an idea where it is deemed a useful idea due to the form, the time, or the place of their availability from the conversion process.
E For example, such fluctuations in the product quality or price may be due to the growing weather conditions of many plants of fruit and vegetables.
F Once a product is made available to the consumer, that product is sold and converted into cash for that company and the cycle continues.
G The general goal for all production is to create some kind of value added, so the outputs are worth more to the consumer than just the sum of the individual inputs.
H In some situations the product will outweigh the service but in other situations it will be the opposite.
(9)
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