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听力原文：M: Hi, Claire. How does it feel to be back on campus？
W: Gee, Hi, well, to tell you the truth, I have mixed feelings.
M: Oh, why？
W: I have this great summer job that I really hated to leave. I worked at the wild life research center in Maryland.
M: That makes sense for a genetic major. What did you do？ Clean the cages？
W: This is a wild life center, not a zoo. This place breeds endangered species and tries to prepare them for life in the wild.
M: You mean the endangered species like the tiger and the panda？
W: Well, endangered species, yes. But not tigers or pandas. I work with whooping cranes and sandhill cranes. I taught the baby crane how to eat and drink, and I help the vets to give medical check-ups. M: I can see it was hard to leave that job. But how did you teach a bird how to eat and drink？
W: We covered ourselves up with cloth and used puppets made out of stuffed cranes to show the baby chicks what to do. Then the chicks copied what the puppets did.
M: Cloth？ Puppets？ Sounds like fun.
W: It was. The cloth and puppets are the key tools. We all covered ourselves up, the scientists, the vets, the junior staff, everybody. You see, baby cranes will become attached to their caretakers.
M: So if the caretaker is a person, the crane will stay in places where people are.
W: Yeah. And their chances for survival aren't very good. But by covering ourselves and using cloth and puppets the chicks are more likely to seek out other birds rather than people. And their transition to the wild has a better chance of being successful.
M: A chance of being successful？ Hasn't this been done before？
W: It's been done with sandhill cranes and everyone is optimistic about its work with whooping cranes too.
M: If this works, it should increase the number of cranes in the wild.
W: Yeah. It's exciting, isn't it？
Why dues the woman say she has mixed feeling？
PART C
Directions: You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE.
听力原文： Sigmund Freud is a key figure in the history of psychology. His contributions to personality theory still dominate contemporary theory about the human personality. Once Freud told a story about an incident in his private practice. As a certain patient left the office after the appointment with Freud, he said, "I'll pay you later, Dr. Freud. Oh, that is, I'll pay you later. "Freud said that the seemingly accidental ship of the tongue revealed an unconscious intention. The man did not want to pay Freud for his service and was only "playing" with him. The patient never paid his bill.
The story reveals some important things about both Freud and his theories. Although Freud was in private practice, his primary interest was not money. He was interested in theory and would have preferred, an academic post. He had difficulties because of the fact that he was a Jew, and private practice was a second-best alternative. The story also illustrates the fact that Freud was a determinist. That is, he believed everything is caused. Even seemingly careless errors such as slips of the tongue have a meaning which suggests that the motive exists outside of the center of consciousness. This is a central concept of Freudian theory-unconscious motives. And people do not always know why they do and what they do.
What is Freud's contributions to psychology？
The city of ______ , which was formerly known as Port Jackson, is the place of theearliest
Low self-esteem pops up regularly in academic reports as an explanation for all sorts of violence, from hate crimes and street crimes to terrorism. But despite the popularity of the explanation, not much evidence backs it up. In a recent issue of Psychological Review, three researchers examine this literature at length and conclude that a much stronger link connects high self-esteem to violence. "It is difficult to maintain belief in the low self-esteem view after seeing that the more violent groups are generally the ones with higher self-esteem," write Roy Baumeister of Case Western Reserve University and Laura Smart and Joseph Boden of the University of Virginia.
The conventional view is that people without self-esteem try to gain it by hurting others. The researchers find that violence is much more often the work of people with unrealistically high self-esteem attacking others who challenge their self-image. Under this umbrella come bullies, rapists, racists, psychopaths and members of street gangs and organized crime.
The study concludes: "Certain forms of high self-esteem seem to increase one's proneness to violence. An uncritical endorsement of the cultural value of self-esteem may therefore be counterproductive and even dangerous .... The societal pursuit of high self esteem for everyone may literally end up doing considerable harm. '
As for prison programmes intended to make violent convicts feel better about themselves, "perhaps it would be better to try instilling modesty and humility," the researchers write.
In an interview with the Boston Globe, Baumeister said he believes the "self" promoting establishment is starting to crumble. "What would work better for the country is to forget about self-esteem and concentrate on self-control," he said.
In the schools, this would mean turning away from psychic boosterism and emphasizing self-esteem as a by-product of real achievement, not as an end in itself. The self-esteem movement, still entrenched in schools of education, is deeply implicated in the dumbing down of our schools, and in the spurious equality behind the idea that it is a terrible psychic blow if one student does any better or any worse than another. Let's hope it is indeed crumbling.
The researchers find that there are stronger connections between
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