12. How does an HTTP proxy intercept HTTP requestsdestined or HTTP servers?
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13. What does an HTTP caching proxy do i it has a cachemiss? How many TCP connections does it establishor a speci c client?
14. Active mode vs. passive mode in FTP? (Describerom whose perspective is the mode and how the dataconnection is established.)
15. Control and data connections in FTP? (Explain whywe need two connections.)
16. What protocol messages on the control connection areexchanged in downloading and uploading a le in FTP,using active mode and passive mode, respectively?