将下列段落翻译成汉语:Depending on the type of interrogation, the transponder sends back a transponder code (Mode A) or altitude information (Mode C) to help air traffic controllers to identify the aircraft and to maintain separation. Another mode called Mode S (Mode Select) is designed to help avoiding over-interrogation of the transponder (having many radars in busy areas) and to allow automatic collision avoidance.
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将下列段落翻译成汉语:Secondary Surveillance Radar is referred to as "secondary", to distinguish it from the "primary radar" that works by passively bouncing a radio signal off the skin of the aircraft. Primary radar works best with large all-metal aircraft, but not so well on small, composite aircraft. Its range is also limited by terrain and rain or snow and also detects unwanted objects such as automobiles, hills and trees. Furthermore not all primary radars can estimate the altitude of an aircraft.
将下列段落翻译成汉语:Air traffic control may re-establish communications with NORDO aircraft by using emergency frequencies, voice features of NAVAIDs, or aviation light signals. In the event of one-way communications (i.e. aircraft can receive only), the controller may request the aircraft make identifying turns, flash their navigational lights, transmit codes or IDENT signals on the transponder, rock their wings, etc, to acknowledge clearances or instructions.
据统计,疲劳断裂的零件约占断裂零件总数的( )。
A. 60%
B. 70%
C. 80%
D. 90%
零件发生疲劳断裂的特征之一是断裂应力小于材料的( )。
A. σb
B. σs
C. σ-1
D. σp