The common forms of bacterial cells are ____（）
A. Spherical
B. Ring
C. Spiral
D. Rod shape
E. Cylindrical
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The characteristic structure of the gram-negative cell wall includes ____（）
A. Peptidoglycan
B. Teichoic acid
C. Outer layer
D. Lipopolysaccharide
E. Inner wall layer
Pasteur uses the retort test to（）
A. Refute the spontaneous generation theory
B. Prove that microorganisms can cause disease
C. Analyze the chemical structure of microorganisms
D. Purify the metabolites of microorganisms
The key step of Gram staining is ____（）
A. Crystal Violet First Stain
B. Iodine Mordant
C. Alcohol decolorization
D. Saffron counterstain
Which of the following alterations can appear after ligating the torso（）
A. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
B. Increased crystal osmolality in plasma
C. Increased microvascular permeability
D. Obstruction of lymphatic drainage
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