It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe ______.
A. rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students
B. punishment is more effective than rewarding
C. failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standards
D. discouraging the students' anticipation for easy rewards is a matte of urgency
Which of the following can best raise students' creativity according to Robert Eisenberger？
A. assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before
B. assigning them tasks which require inventiveness
C. giving them rewards they really deserve
D. giving them rewards they anticipate
The phrase "token economies" (Line 1, Para. 3) probably refers to ______.
A. ways to develop economy
B. systems of rewarding students
C. approaches to solving problems
D. methods of improving performance
Terrorist crime ______.
A. rarely kills innocent bystanders
B. never injures persons irresponsible positions
C. is sometimes done by making random attacks
D. is exclusively directed to heads of state and members of governments
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