题目内容
听力原文：M: I'll move the sofa and then the armchairs over next to the bookshelf.
W: Let's move the other chairs and the coffee table in front of the sofa.
What are the two people doing？
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试运行阶段，记账凭证可以直接用计算机处理。
听力原文：M: Although I drove very slowly in the morning fog, I still hit a tree.
W: You can't be too careful.
What does the woman mean？
听力原文：W: Could you tell me how many of your employees are women？
M: Yes, certainly. We have a very high percentage of female staff. We employ about 100 people, and eighty percent of them are women.
How many of the employees in this organization are men？
Part A
Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their con sequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.
The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks creativity in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
"If kids know they're working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. "But it's easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards."
A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades.
In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity ,the Delaware psychologist claims.
Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward ______.
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