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A．He founded the Solar Temple at the age of 46.B．Jouret had been a student of natural
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In peacetime, people see Red-Cross sponsored program like giving blood or taking swimming lessons. They also aid refugees and victims of such natural disasters as floods, fires and famines. Much more controversial are the Red Cross's activities during wartime. Unlike most relief organizations, the ICRC helps the wounded and sick on both sides of an armed conflict. Red Cross relief workers are dedicated to neutrality. According to them, there are two different traditions at work out there in the humanitarian movement. One of them is international human rights, which most Americans can identify with, and then there's this very different tradition called the laws of war tradition, which is basically to ensure that if people are going to fight, conduct the fighting according to certain rules. And this is exactly what the Red Cross is trying to do.
To civilize the conflicts, the ICRC promotes the Geneva Conventions, which are international agreements or laws of war that protect prisoners of wars, wounded soldiers and civilians. They were ratified by hundreds of countries and the basic document dates to 1864, and later revised in 1949. They're a bunch of rules that are quite simple, like "Don't fire on ambulances, don't shoot on non-combatants, don't torture prisoners, allow prisoners to communicate with their families, allow the Red Cross to visit you if you're a prisoner of war, spare civilians..." Generally speaking, they're very house-and-garden common rules, and in lots of combat situations they function more or less adequately. In fact, the Geneva Conventions have done a lot to civilize certain aspects of war, and so they have a lot of legitimacy. In the Gulf War, for example, when a hundred thousand Iraqi prisoners were taken, the United States. subscribed to the Geneva Conventions, released them according to those conventions.
So the task of Red Cross can be regarded as obeying and following the standards of decency, the one that ought to prevail in the world are not white, western European values; They're human universals. To disseminate their faith, the ICRC has adopted a variety of means. Though it's just the beginning of work, they're putting out comic books or running radio soap operas to tell the story. Instead of just sitting there reading out the Geneva Conventions, they're trying to translate them into new languages. And it's surely one of the most interesting bits of work that's going on.
Questions:
16.What is the general idea of this lecture？
17.According to the lecture, which activity is NOT performed by the ICRC？
18.Which of the following statement is NOT true about ICRC？
19.Which of the following statement about Geneva Conventions is true according to the lecture？
20.What did the United States do in the Gulf War in accordance with the Geneva Conventions？
(36)
听力原文：Beijing: AOL, the online unit of media giant Time Warner says it has formed a fie-up with China's number two media company, one of its first such pairings since it withdrew from the Chinese market in 2003. Under their new relationship, the broadband content arm of Shanghai Media Group will provide material for a Chinese language version of AOL com aimed at Chinese speakers in the United States. SMG has been an active player in China in the broadcasting fields. The representatives of the two sides both expressed optimism towards the prospect of their cooperation.
Washington: US President George W. Bush unveiled the campaign of scientific research and education as a way to ensure American competitiveness in his State of the Union Address, vowing to "double the federal commitment to the most critical basic research programs in the physical sciences over the next 10 years." The push for more funding comes after years of strong criticism of his administration's approach to scientific research. The basic complaint is that the Bush White House puts political ideology over science when writing policy or when determining who sits on advisory panels set up to provide expert input into decision making.
Tokyo: A new study finds that green tea significantly reduces the risk of death from many causes, including heart disease. The study did not find, however, that green tea has any effect on cancer, as has been previously claimed. The study took place in northeastern Japan, where 80 percent of the population drinks green tea regularly. Researchers looked at more than 40,000 adults and compared those who drank less than one cup of tea a day to those who drank three to five cups a day. They found that over the span of 11 years, those who drank more tea were less likely to die of heart disease.
Detroit: General Motors has ended its discussions about a three-way alliance with Nissan and Renault. The car companies announced their decision to terminate talks yesterday. It happened even before the 90-day deadline that the sides had set to study the proposed tie-up. The CEO of General Motors said that their analysis showed benefits of the alliance heavily skewed toward Renault and Nissan, which was unfair to the shareholders of General Motors. GM's largest individual shareholder, Kirk Corrine, who pushed for the discussions and owns nearly 10% stake in GM, expressed disappointment that the talks had broken off.
New Delhi: India and Germany have agreed to deepen their cooperation on energy policy but sidestepped a dispute over a nuclear deal between New Delhi and Washington that Berlin has criticized. Prime Minister Manmohan Singh met with Chancellor Angela Merkel in a northern city ahead of the opening of the Hanover Technology Fair, where guest country India and Germany, the world's number three economy, hope to boost their rapidly growing trade ties. As a rising economy in Asia, India is in great need of foreign cooperation and investment, especially in technology-intensive fields like energy.
Questions:
6.What did AOL do recently in China？
7.What did President Bush say recently about scientific research and education？
8.According to the latest study of green tea, which of the following statements is NOT true？
9.According to the news, what is the decision of General Motors？
10.What is the dispute between India and Germany mainly about？
(26)
A．He promised to devote more resources to some basic research programs in America.B．He
Everyday, science seems to chip away at our autonomy. When researchers aren't uncovering physical differences in the way men and women use their brains, they're asserting genetic influences on intelligence, sexual orientation, obesity or alcoholism. Or they're suggesting that the level of some brain chemical affects one's chances of committing violent crimes. Each new finding leaves the impression that nature is winning out over nurture—that biology is destiny and free will an illusion. But the nature-nurture dichotomy is itself an illusion. As many scholars are now realizing, everything we associate with "nurture" is at some level a product of our biology—and every aspect of our biology, from brain development to food preference, has been shaped by an environment. Asking whether nature or nurture is more important is like asking whether length or width is a better gauge of size.
Darwin recognized more than 100 years ago that Homo sapiens evolved by the same process as every other species on earth. And philosophers such as William James were eager to apply Darwin's insights to human psychology. But during the first part of this century, the rise of "social Darwinism" (a non-Darwinian, sink-or-swim political philosophy) and late Nazi eugenics spawned a deep suspicion of biologically inspired social science. By 1954, anthropologist Ashley Montagu was declaring that mankind has "no instincts because everything he is and has becomes what she has learned, acquired, from his culture."
The distinction between innate and acquired seems razor sharp, until you try slicing life with it. Consider the development of the brain. While gestating in the womb, a child develops some 50 trillion neurons. But those cells become functional only as they respond to outside stimuli. During the first year of life, the most frequently stimulated neurons form. elaborate networks for processing information, while the others wither and die. You could say that our brains determine the structure of our brains. Social behavior. follows the same principle. From the old nature-versus-nurture perspective, a tendency that isn't uniformly expressed in every part of the world must be "cultural" rather than "natural". But there is no reason to assume that a universal impulse would always find the same expression. As the evolutionists John Tooby and Leda Cosmildes have observed, biology can't dictate what language a child will speak, what games she'll feel guilty or jealous about. But it virtually guarantees that she'll do all of those things, whether she grows up in New Jersey or New Guinea.
Biology, in short, doesn't determine exactly what we' Il do in life. It determines how different environments will affect us. And our biology is itself a record of the environments our ancestors encountered. Consider the sexes' different perceptual styles. Men tend to excel at spatial reasoning, women at spotting stationary objects and remembering their locations. Such discrepancies may have a biological basis, but researchers have traced the biology back to specific environmental pressures. Archeological findings suggest that men hunted, and women foraged, throughout vast stretches of revolutionary time. And psychologists Irwin Silverman and Marion Eals have noted that "tracking and killing animals entail different kinds of spatial problems than does foraging for edible plants."
It can be inferred from the passage that what Montagu emphasized in his explanation is ______ .
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