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The market for (manufactured goods) is (which) economists call "imperfect," because each company has its own style; and all of the arts of advertisement and salesmanship are devoted (to making) it (even more imperfect) by attracting buyers to particul

A. manufactured goods
B. which
C. to making
D. even more imperfect

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The Second Hague Disarmament Conference of 1907 was marked more by discord than discourse,

A. facilitating
B. upgrading
C. justifying
D. worsening

What makes the second premise problematic is the use of the Puritan colonies as a basis for comparison. Quite properly, Davis decries the excessive influence ascribed by historians to the Puritans in the formation of American culture. Yet Davis inadvertently odds weight to such ascriptions by using the Puritans as the standard against which to assess the achievements and contributions of Southern colonials. Throughout, Davis focuses on the important, and undeniable, differences between the Southern and Puritan colonies in motives for and patterns of early settlement, in attitudes toward nature and Native Americans, and in the degree of receptivity to metropolitan cultural influences.
However, recent scholarship has strongly suggested that those aspects of early New England culture that seem to have been most distinctly Puritan, such as the strong religious orientation and the communal impulse, were not even typical of New England as a whole, but were largely confined to the two colonies of Massachusetts and Connecticut. Thus, what in contrast to the Puritan colonies appears to Davis to be peculiarly Southern——acquisitiveness, a strong interest in politics and the law, and a tendency to cultivate metropolitan cultural models——was not only more typically English than the cultural patterns exhibited by Puritan Massachusetts and Connecticut, but also almost certainly characteristic of most other early modern British colonies from Barbados north to Rhode Island: and New Hampshire. Within the larger framework of American colonial life, then, not the Southern——but the Puritan colonies appear to have been distinctive, and even they seem to have been: rapidly assimilating to the dominant cultural patterns by the late Colonial period.
The author is primarily concerned with ______.

A. refuting a claim about the influence of Puritan culture on the early American South
B. refuting a thesis about the distinctiveness of the culture of the early American South
C. refuting the two premises that underlie Davis' discussion of the culture of the American
D. challenging the hypothesis that early American culture was homogeneous in nature

European conservatives, until the end of the 19th century, rejected democratic principles

A. chose
B. constructed
C. conceived
D. conserved

If a person's eye has been looking at an object in bright sunlight for some time, and then

A. a time lag in the focusing ability of the eye
B. some inability to see colors of the latter-named objects until loss of sensitivity has been regained.
C. the immediate less of the "afterimage" of the first object
D. the adaptation in the central area of the eye but little adaptation in the lateral areas to thenew intensity level.

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