题目内容
The World Medical Association (WMA) has developed the Declaration of Helsinki as a statement of ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects and animals, including research on identifiable human material and data.
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TheDeclarationofHelsinki(2013, Article 5)byWMAdeclaresthat,"Medicalprogressisnotbasedonresearchthatultimatelymustincludestudiesinvolvinghumansubjects".
TheDeclarationofHelsinki(2013, Article 6)byWMAdeclaresthat,"The primary purpose of medical research involving human subjects is to understand the causes, development and effects of diseases and improve preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic interventions (methods, procedures and treatments). Even the best proven interventions must be evaluated continually through research for their safety, effectiveness, efficiency, accessibility and quality".
TheDeclarationofHelsinki(2013,Article 11)byWMAdeclaresthat,"Medical research should be conducted in a manner that minimises possible harm to the environment".
TheDeclarationofHelsinki(2013,Article14)byWMAdeclaresthat,"Physicians who combine medical research with medical care should involve their patients in research only to the extent that this is justified by its potential preventive, diagnostic or therapeutic value and if the physician has good reason to believe that participation in the research study will not adversely affect the health of the patients who serve as research subjects".
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